Reproduction in Humans questions

The opposite figure shows a front view of the male reproductive system in humans. Study it, then answer:
Which of the following parts have no role in reproduction?

1. A (1)
2. B (4) , (5)
3. C (7)
4. D (8) , (9)

The opposite figure shows a front view of the male reproductive system in humans. Study it, then answer:
Which structure is shared by the reproductive system and the urinary system in humans?

1. A (2)
2. B (4)
3. C (6)
4. D (8)

The opposite figure shows a side view of the male reproductive system in humans. Study it, then answer:
Which of the following shows the correct path of the sperms from where they are produced until they leave the body?

1. A Z → X → V → T
2. B Z → S → W → X
3. C S → Z → X → V
4. D S → Z → V → T

The opposite figure shows a side view of the male reproductive system in humans. Study it, then answer:
Which of the structures shown in the figure secretes a nourishing substance for the sperms?

1. A X
2. B Z
3. C V
4. D T

The opposite figure shows a side view of the male reproductive system in humans. Study it, then answer:
Which of the following structures contains an acidic fluid?

1. A W
2. B X
3. C S
4. D Z

Which of the following is a reason why a sperm cannot move to reach the ovum?

1. A Absence of the contents of the acrosome
2. B Damage of the middle piece
3. C Increased secretion of the prostate gland
4. D Absence of the neck

How many male gametes are produced from 10 secondary spermatocytes?

1. A 10
2. B 20
3. C 30
4. D 40

From the opposite figure, answer:
Which of the following cells divides by mitosis?

1. A E
2. B F
3. C D
4. D G

From the opposite figure, answer:
Which of the following cells do not divide?

1. A D , F
2. B G , F
3. C C , G
4. D E , D

In which of the following phases does the number of chromosomes change during sperm formation?

1. A Final differentiation
2. B Growth
3. C Multiplication
4. D Maturation

Which choice in the opposite table represents the correct sequence of divisions during the formation of both pollen grains and sperms?

1. A Pollen grains: mitosis then meiosis, sperms: meiosis then mitosis
2. B Pollen grains: meiosis then mitosis, sperms: mitosis then meiosis
3. C Pollen grains: mitosis then meiosis, sperms: mitosis then meiosis
4. D Pollen grains: meiosis then mitosis, sperms: meiosis then mitosis

The opposite figure shows the stages of sperm formation in an adult human male. Which of the following is correct about the number of chromosome sets in cells (Z), (L), (M)?

1. A (Z) n, (L) n, (M) n
2. B (Z) 2n, (L) n, (M) n
3. C (Z) 2n, (L) 2n, (M) n
4. D (Z) 2n, (L) 2n, (M) 2n

Some newborn babies have one testis that does not descend into the scrotum, a condition called undescended testis. What happens if these children are not treated?

1. A No sperms are produced at puberty, causing sterility
2. B Fewer sperms are produced at puberty
3. C The accessory reproductive glands stop working
4. D Seminal fluid production stops

How correct are the following two statements: «Sperms cannot live without a nutritive medium», «Sperms do not store food inside them»?

1. A Both statements are correct
2. B Both statements are wrong
3. C The first statement is correct and the second is wrong
4. D The first statement is wrong and the second is correct

Which of the following has no direct role in helping the formed sperms reach the ovum?

1. A Prostate gland
2. B The two seminal vesicles
3. C Interstitial cells
4. D Cowper's glands

The opposite figures show abnormal sperms produced because of a defect during their formation. In which phase could this defect happen?

1. A Multiplication
2. B Growth
3. C Maturation
4. D Final differentiation

How many sperms are produced from the division of 10 spermatogonia?

1. A 10
2. B 20
3. C 40
4. D 80

What explains the presence of the testes in region (A) in the opposite figure?

1. A Storing the sperms alive for a long time
2. B Reducing their blood supply
3. C Lowering their temperature
4. D Increasing hormone secretion

In which of the following phases does the number of chromosomes of the cells stay the same as in the original cells during sperm formation?

1. A Multiplication phase and growth phase
2. B Growth phase and maturation phase
3. C Multiplication phase and maturation phase
4. D Maturation phase and final differentiation phase

The opposite figure shows the stages of sperm formation in humans. Which of the following cells are genetically different from each other?

1. A (1) , (2)
2. B (2) , (3)
3. C (4) , (5)
4. D (6) , (7)

Which of the following could the opposite graph represent?

1. A Artificial parthenogenesis in the frog
2. B Natural parthenogenesis in the honey bee
3. C Sperm formation in the human male
4. D Ovum formation in the human female

In normal cases, what is the average number of ova produced by each ovary of an unmarried girl every year?

1. A 6
2. B 13
3. C 28
4. D 56

Which of the following organisms has the smallest ova?

1. A The sparrow
2. B The frog
3. C The turtle
4. D The elephant

Which of the following human cells could have the chromosomal formula (22 + X)?

1. A Oogonia
2. B Spermatogonia
3. C Secondary spermatocyte
4. D Primary oocyte

In normal cases, how does the ovum differ from the sperm in humans?

1. A Number of autosomes
2. B Presence of mitochondria
3. C Number of sex chromosomes
4. D Storing food

Which of the following organisms produces ova in small numbers?

1. A The monkey
2. B The tilapia
3. C The crocodile
4. D The frog

Which of the following is correct about gamete production in humans?

1. A It takes place in the embryonic stages in males
2. B It continues throughout life in females
3. C It happens periodically in adult females
4. D It happens periodically in males

Study the following diagram, then answer:
What does the previous diagram show?

1. A Formation of a female gamete in a plant
2. B Formation of a male gamete in a plant
3. C Formation of a female gamete in humans
4. D Formation of a male gamete in humans

Study the following diagram, then answer:
What does cell (X) represent?

1. A Secondary oocyte
2. B Secondary spermatocyte
3. C Spermatid
4. D Germ cell

When are primary oocytes formed in the human female?

1. A At fertilization
2. B During embryonic development
3. C Before puberty
4. D After puberty

Starting with four oogonia in the ovary of a cat, what is the maximum number of fertilized ova and polar bodies formed, respectively, right after fertilization is completed?

1. A 12 / 4
2. B 4 / 12
3. C 4 / 4
4. D 6 / 12

If the number of chromosomes in a body cell of a female mammal is 28, how many chromosomes are there in each of the primary oocytes and the secondary oocytes, respectively?

1. A 28 / 28
2. B 28 / 14
3. C 14 / 28
4. D 14 / 14

In which of the following cases is cell division equal in the number of chromosomes but unequal in the cytoplasm?

1. A Formation of bread mould spores
2. B Formation of the secondary oocyte in the human female
3. C Formation of spermatids
4. D Formation of amoebae in suitable conditions

Which of the following cells is genetically similar to the oogonia but different in size?

1. A The primary oocyte
2. B The secondary oocyte
3. C The ovum
4. D The polar body

Which of the following pairs are analogous in function in the male and the female?

1. A Ovary – Sertoli cells
2. B Graafian follicle – interstitial cells
3. C Secondary oocyte – primary spermatocyte
4. D Uterus – testes

The following diagram shows the stages of gamete formation in the human female. Study it, then answer:
What is the purpose of process (1)?

1. A Storing an amount of food
2. B Doubling the volume of cytoplasm in the cells
3. C Doubling the number of chromosomes
4. D Doubling the number of cells

The following diagram shows the stages of gamete formation in the human female. Study it, then answer:
When does process (3) take place?

1. A In the embryonic stage
2. B At puberty
3. C At fertilization
4. D After fertilization

The following diagram shows the stages of gamete formation in the human female. Study it, then answer:
What distinguishes process (4) from process (3)?

1. A The chromosome set of the produced cells
2. B The number of nuclei in each produced cell
3. C The condition for it to happen
4. D The number of chromosomes in each produced cell

Where does the first meiotic division take place during ovum formation in the human female?

1. A Graafian follicle
2. B Endometrium
3. C Fallopian tube
4. D Uterine cavity

Which of the following is a similarity between the polar body and a body cell of the human female?

1. A Cell size
2. B Volume of cytoplasm
3. C Chromosome number
4. D Presence of an (X) chromosome

Which of the following graphs represents the relation between the number of primordial germ cells (X) and the number of oogonia (Y) in the embryonic stage?

1. A Graph (A)
2. B Graph (B)
3. C Graph (C)
4. D Graph (D)

In the opposite graph, which of the following correctly describes (X) and (Y), respectively?

1. A Chromosome set / cell size
2. B Cell size / chromosome set
3. C Number of cells / chromosome set
4. D Chromosome set / number of cells

The opposite figure shows some stages of ovum formation in the human female. Which of the following statements applies to the divisions shown in the figure?

1. A (1) , (2) can happen in married and unmarried women
2. B (1) , (3) happen in married and unmarried women
3. C (3) is a division linked to the entry of the sperm into the ovum
4. D (1) , (2) , (3) are mitotic divisions

Which of the following cells divides without any condition?

1. A The secondary oocyte
2. B The zygospore
3. C Spores
4. D The zygote

In the opposite figure, how is structure (X) formed?

1. A By the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte
2. B By the second meiotic division of the secondary oocyte
3. C By mitosis of the oogonia
4. D By the first meiotic division of the secondary oocyte

Which of the following gonads depends on more than one type of division to produce its gametes?

1. A Archegonia
2. B The ovary of the human female
3. C Antheridia
4. D The testis of the male bee

Using the following diagram:
Which of the following applies to this diagram?

1. A Formation of a female gamete in a plant, then fertilization
2. B Formation of a male gamete in a plant
3. C Formation of a female gamete in humans, then fertilization
4. D Formation of a male gamete in humans

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. A At fertilization the secondary oocyte turns into a primary one
2. B The hormone that turns the primary oocyte into a secondary one is estrogen
3. C The endometrium of the adult human female is renewed every 28 days
4. D The primary oocyte and the secondary oocyte have the same number of chromosomes

Which of the following is correct about the menstrual cycle in the human female?

1. A The levels of progesterone and estrogen rise from day 1 to day 14 of the start of the menstrual cycle
2. B The endometrium breaks down from day 5 to day 10 of the start of the menstrual cycle
3. C The corpus luteum shrinks from day 12 to day 18 of the start of the menstrual cycle
4. D Renewal and growth of the endometrium start on the fifth day of the start of the menstrual cycle

What are the secretory cells left in the ovary after ovulation called?

1. A Graafian follicle
2. B Oogonia
3. C Polar cells
4. D Corpus luteum

What does the Graafian follicle contain on the thirteenth day from the start of menstruation?

1. A A primary oocyte
2. B A secondary oocyte
3. C Oogonia
4. D A primordial germ cell

From the opposite graph, what is the source of the hormones secreted at point (X)?

1. A Graafian follicle
2. B Corpus luteum
3. C Endometrium
4. D Placenta

An operation was done on an adult female mammal in which both ovaries were moved from their place to another place in the body, but they stayed connected to the blood circulation. Which of the following processes will not happen?

1. A Formation of the secondary oocyte
2. B Ovulation
3. C Fertilization of the secondary oocyte
4. D Growth of the endometrium

One ovary releases an ovum every ..........

1. A 10 days
2. B 14 days
3. C 28 days
4. D 56 days

In which of the following phases are the ovarian hormones at their lowest level in a woman?

1. A Ovulation
2. B Maturation of the ovum
3. C Menstruation
4. D Fertilization

What is the source of progesterone in the fifth month of pregnancy?

1. A The pituitary gland
2. B The Graafian follicle
3. C The corpus luteum
4. D The placenta

The two opposite graphs show the concentration of estrogen and progesterone in three women (X), (Y), (Z). Answer:
Which of them is in the menstruation phase?

1. A (X) only
2. B (Y) only
3. C (X) , (Z)
4. D (Y) , (Z)

The two opposite graphs show the concentration of estrogen and progesterone in three women (X), (Y), (Z). Answer:
Which of them is in the ovum maturation phase?

1. A (X) only
2. B (Z) only
3. C (X) , (Z)
4. D (Y) , (Z)

If menstruation in an adult human female started on 20 September, when will the secondary oocyte be released from the ovary?

1. A 25 September
2. B 30 September
3. C 3 October
4. D 10 October

The following figures show three sections in the ovary of an adult human female at different phases of the menstrual cycle:
Which of the following shows the correct order of these figures by their phases?

1. A (1) → (3) → (2)
2. B (2) → (1) → (3)
3. C (3) → (1) → (2)
4. D (3) → (2) → (1)

Which of the following statements about the relation between the female hormones is NOT correct?

1. A The increase of FSH causes the increase of estrogen in the ovum maturation phase
2. B The increase of estrogen causes the decrease of LH in the ovum maturation phase
3. C The decrease of LH causes the increase of progesterone and estrogen in the ovulation phase
4. D The decrease of progesterone and estrogen causes the increase of FSH in the menstruation phase

The following figures show the change in the size of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle. Answer:
Which of the following happens at the same time as what figures (X), (Z) show, respectively?

1. A Less thickness of the endometrium / more blood supply to it
2. B More growth of the endometrium / breakdown of the endometrium
3. C More secretions of the endometrium / more blood supply to it
4. D Less growth of the endometrium / breakdown of the endometrium

Which of the following is a sign of pregnancy in a woman?

1. A Increase of progesterone and decrease of FSH
2. B Decrease of progesterone and increase of FSH
3. C Decrease of progesterone and decrease of FSH
4. D Increase of progesterone and increase of FSH

The opposite graph shows the levels of the hormones (FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone) in a woman's blood. Which of the following statements is correct?

1. A Hormones (3) and (4) regulate the work of the ovary
2. B Hormones (1) and (2) have receptors in the endometrium
3. C The secretion of hormone (4) is affected by hormone (2)
4. D Hormones (3) and (4) are proteins

Which of the following statements is correct about the menstruation phase?

1. A It takes longer than the ovulation phase
2. B During menstruation the whole endometrium is shed
3. C The absence of menstruation always shows that there is pregnancy
4. D It happens because of the decrease of progesterone

In which of the following periods of the menstrual cycle does the arrival of sperms into the female reproductive system increase the chance of pregnancy?

1. A Days (1 : 5)
2. B Days (12 : 16)
3. C Days (17 : 21)
4. D Days (22 : 28)

The opposite graph shows the concentration of hormones in the blood of a human female in the first fifteen days of the menstrual cycle. Which of the following hormones does the letter (X) refer to?

1. A FSH
2. B LH
3. C Estrogen
4. D Progesterone

In an experiment on mice, the ovaries of some females were removed right after mating. They were then divided into two groups (1) and (2), and the members of both groups were injected daily with hormone (X). The following table shows the injection dose for each group and the results obtained. Based on the data in this table, what does hormone (X) represent?

1. A FSH
2. B Progesterone
3. C Oxytocin
4. D Relaxin

The opposite figure shows a section in the ovary. Which of the following choices represents the hormones (X), (Y), (Z), (L)?

1. A X: estrogen, Y: FSH, Z: progesterone, L: LH
2. B X: FSH, Y: estrogen, Z: LH, L: progesterone
3. C X: progesterone, Y: LH, Z: FSH, L: estrogen
4. D X: FSH, Y: LH, Z: progesterone, L: estrogen

The opposite graph shows the change in the thickness of the endometrium in a woman. What happens at time (X)?

1. A Ovulation
2. B Start of menstruation
3. C Pregnancy
4. D Formation of a Graafian follicle

Which of the following statements can be concluded from the two opposite graphs?

1. A The more estrogen there is, the thinner the endometrium
2. B The thickness of the endometrium is at its highest at ovulation
3. C The increase in the concentration of progesterone and estrogen leads to an increase in the thickness of the endometrium
4. D The thickness of the endometrium decreases within 5 days from the start of ovulation

From the opposite graph, which of the following is the direct effect of the increase in hormone (X)?

1. A Secretion of progesterone
2. B Rupture of the Graafian follicle
3. C Increase of the blood supply to the endometrium
4. D Growth of the mammary glands

From the opposite figure, which shows the stages of maturation and release of the ovum during one month in the human female, answer:
Which of the following affects the stage between structure (A) and structure (B)?

1. A LH
2. B Estrogen
3. C FSH
4. D Oxytocin

From the opposite figure, which shows the stages of maturation and release of the ovum during one month in the human female, answer:
What does the figure represent?

1. A The ovary of a pregnant woman
2. B The ovary of a little girl
3. C The ovary of an adult female when no pregnancy happens
4. D The ovary of a female in the embryonic stage

The direct cause of an irregular menstrual cycle in a female is a disorder in the secretion of the two hormones ..........

1. A FSH and LH
2. B Estrogen and relaxin
3. C Oxytocin and LH
4. D Relaxin and FSH

What is the best time for fertilization of the ovum?

1. A The start of menstruation
2. B The tenth day from the end of menstruation
3. C The end of menstruation
4. D The fourteenth day from the end of menstruation

The opposite diagram shows the hormones of the menstrual cycle. Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (1) represents ovulation
2. B (2) represents menstruation
3. C (3) represents the growth of the Graafian follicle
4. D (4) represents the formation of the corpus luteum

The opposite diagram represents a group of hormones secreted by two different glands of a married woman. What could the numbers (1) to (5) represent, respectively?

1. A Estrogen / FSH / progesterone / LH / oxytocin
2. B FSH / LH / estrogen / progesterone / oxytocin
3. C FSH / estrogen / LH / progesterone / oxytocin
4. D LH / FSH / estrogen / oxytocin / progesterone

The opposite figure shows a front view of the female reproductive system. Which part is directly affected by the increase in the level of estrogen and progesterone in the blood?

1. A X
2. B Y
3. C Z
4. D L

From the opposite graph, on which of the following days does ovulation take place?

1. A 12
2. B 13
3. C 15
4. D 16

The following graph shows the concentration of one of the menstrual cycle hormones:
Which of the following hormones increases in secretion when the concentration of hormone (X) changes from point (S) to point (Y)?

1. A FSH
2. B LH
3. C Estrogen
4. D Progesterone

Which of the following does NOT cause a miscarriage in a pregnant woman?

1. A Removing both ovaries in the second month of pregnancy
2. B Removing both Fallopian tubes in the first month of pregnancy
3. C Degeneration of the corpus luteum in the first month of pregnancy
4. D Degeneration of the corpus luteum in the second month of pregnancy

The opposite table shows the events of the menstrual cycle,
Which of the following shows their correct sequence?

1. A X → Y → Z → K → M → L
2. B X → Z → K → L → M → Y
3. C X → K → Y → Z → M → L
4. D X → Z → K → Y → M → L

When does the secretion of progesterone increase?

1. A When the level of FSH in the blood increases
2. B When the level of oxytocin in the blood decreases
3. C When the level of LH in the blood decreases
4. D When the level of LH in the blood increases

The opposite table shows the concentration of one of the hormones during five different periods of the menstrual cycle:
Which of the following could this hormone be?

1. A FSH
2. B LH
3. C Relaxin
4. D Progesterone

The opposite table shows the concentration of one of the hormones during five different periods of the menstrual cycle:
Which of the following statements is correct?

1. A Period (1) confirms pregnancy because the level of the hormone is low
2. B Period (4) confirms pregnancy because the level of the hormone is higher than in the next period
3. C Period (5) confirms that there is no pregnancy because the level of the hormone is lower than in the previous period
4. D Period (5) confirms pregnancy because the level of the hormone in it is higher than in period (1)

Which of the following graphs shows the level of estrogen during the menstrual cycle of the human female?

1. A Graph (A)
2. B Graph (B)
3. C Graph (C)
4. D Graph (D)

Which of the following describes the levels of these hormones on day 13 compared with their levels on the fifth day of the menstrual cycle?

1. A Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): high, luteinizing hormone (LH): high
2. B Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): low, luteinizing hormone (LH): high
3. C Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): low, luteinizing hormone (LH): low
4. D Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): high, luteinizing hormone (LH): low

Which of the following hormones, when it decreases, leads to an increase in the secretion of FSH?

1. A LH
2. B Oxytocin
3. C Progesterone
4. D Relaxin

At the end of the menstruation phase, which of the following hormones increases in concentration in the blood?

1. A Progesterone
2. B LH
3. C Estrogen
4. D FSH

The opposite figure is a diagram of the phases of the menstrual cycle in the human female. At which of the following is the endometrium expected to be in the same physiological state as when the ovum is fertilized?

1. A The middle of phase (L - X)
2. B The start of phase (Y - Z)
3. C The start of phase (X - Y)
4. D The middle of phase (Z - L)

Which of the following shows the correct order of the figures (A) to (D) for the stages (1) to (4) in the opposite diagram, respectively?

1. A C → D → B → A
2. B C → A → B → D
3. C B → D → C → A
4. D A → D → C → B

The opposite graph shows the concentration of a type of hormone secreted during pregnancy. Why does the secretion of hormone (X) increase after the fourteenth week?

1. A A different structure of the hormone
2. B A different source of secretion
3. C A different function of the hormone
4. D Different target cells

From the opposite figure, give the number and name of the structure that pours some of its secretions into the blood and others into a duct, and explain your answer.

The opposite figure shows a section in the testis of an adult. Give the number of:
(1) the cells that secrete hormones.
(2) the cells that are affected by the follicle stimulating hormone.

Primary spermatocytes divide in the human testis, and human skin cells divide when the skin is torn or cut:
(1) State the type of division in both cases.
(2) What is the importance of the type of division in both cases?
(3) What is the number of chromosomes in each cell produced at the end of the division in both cases?

How many sperms are produced when a primordial germ cell divides by mitosis three times in a row in the human male?

The following figures represent animal and plant gametes. Study them, then answer:
(1) What are the cells from which gametes (1) and (4) are formed called?
(2) In which phase of the formation of gamete (1) does meiosis take place?
(3) Where do meiosis and mitosis take place during the formation of gamete (2)?
(4) What is the role of the hormones that stimulate the formation of gamete (4)?
(5) What is the relation between the chromosome numbers of (X) and (Y)?

Sperm formation has the following features:
X: they gain the ability to move at the end of their formation stages.
Y: the number of chromosomes is reduced to half.
Z: the cytoplasm is distributed equally among the produced gametes.
L: hormones affect the formation of the gametes.
Which of the previous features also happen during ovum formation?

What is the smallest number of polar bodies produced from 10 oogonia? Explain your answer.

In some mammals the nucleus of a body cell contains 58 chromosomes. After mating, the fertilized ovum fused with one of the polar bodies. How many chromosomes are there in the resulting cell?

The opposite graph shows the main events that take place during the menstrual cycle in the human female:
(1) Name the hormones that prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
(2) What is the source of these hormones? How do they reach the uterus?
(3) During which phase of the menstrual cycle is the concentration of (Y) high? Explain its effect on the uterus during that period.
(4) What happens when the concentrations of both (X) and (Y) start to decrease?
(5) Which process is prevented by the increase of hormone (Y)?

From the opposite figure, which shows the structure of the reproductive system in the human female, which structures, if surgically removed, stop the menstrual cycle permanently?

(1) A first meiotic division takes place. (2) The oogonium grows in size. (3) The endometrium grows.
(4) A second meiotic division takes place. (5) The level of progesterone in the blood rises. (6) The thickness of the endometrium increases.
Which of the previous events go with:
(1) the growth phase of the Graafian follicle? Explain your answer.
(2) the fertilization phase of the ovum? Explain your answer.

The following graph shows the concentration of hormones (1), (2), (3), (4) in the blood during the monthly cycle of the human female:
Explain the following events in the previous figure:
(1) Hormone (1) is at its peak of secretion on day 14 from the start of menstruation.
(2) The level of hormone (2) falls before ovulation.
(3) The level of hormone (3) rises after ovulation.

The opposite figure shows the state of a woman's reproductive system in one of the phases of the menstrual cycle. Which hormones have the highest concentration in the woman's blood in this phase? Explain.

The opposite graph shows the growth rate of a female from birth until the age of 50 years:
(1) What is the reason for the sharp rise in the growth rate before the age of 21 years?
(2) Name the hormones whose secretion increases at point (1) and decreases at point (2), and give the source of these hormones and their effects on the body.

A couple were late in having children. Tests on the husband showed that the sperms die before leaving the body because they do not get nutrients. Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for this problem? (Trial exam / June 2021)

1. A Interstitial cells
2. B Sertoli cells
3. C Spermatogonia
4. D Prostate gland

«Sertoli» syndrome is caused by a genetic defect that leads to the presence of Sertoli cells only inside the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Which of the following leads to sterility in this case? (2nd session 2022)

1. A A low number of sperms
2. B Death of the sperms inside the testis
3. C Absence of sperms
4. D Death of the sperms inside the urethra

What prevents the sperms from leaving the body of the human male? (1st session 2024)

1. A Removal of the prostate
2. B Blockage of the two ureters
3. C Removal of one testis
4. D Blockage of the two vasa deferentia

Which of the following is the structural unit of the testis in humans? (2nd session 2024)

1. A Sperms
2. B Seminiferous tubules
3. C Primordial germ cells
4. D Sertoli cells

Which glands secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidity of urine in the human male? (2nd session 2024)

1. A The two seminal vesicles, Cowper's glands
2. B The prostate gland, the two seminal vesicles
3. C The prostate gland, Cowper's glands
4. D The two seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, Cowper's glands

The opposite figure shows the stages of sperm formation in humans. Which of the stages shown in the figure start when the male reaches puberty? (1st session 2025)

1. A (A) only
2. B (A) and (B)
3. C (A) and (B) and (C)
4. D All the stages

The presence of the scrotum outside the body cavity leads to .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Higher activity of the seminiferous tubules
2. B Higher activity of the two epididymides
3. C More secretion by the interstitial cells
4. D Easier exit of the sperms from the body

The secretions of the accessory glands of the human male reproductive system are alkaline because the alkaline medium .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Gives the sperms immunity against microbes
2. B Raises the levels of testosterone
3. C Helps the sperms stay alive
4. D Nourishes the sperms

What is the longest time between two successive divisions in the following human cells? (Trial exam / June 2021)

1. A Formation of a secondary oocyte and formation of the mature ovum
2. B Formation of an oogonium and formation of a secondary oocyte
3. C A primordial germ cell and formation of an oogonium
4. D Formation of an oogonium and formation of a primary oocyte

The opposite figure shows an ovum of the human female. Which of the following made this ovum look like this? (1st session 2022)

1. A Fertilization then a first meiotic division
2. B A first meiotic division
3. C Fertilization then a second meiotic division
4. D A second meiotic division then fertilization

Which of the following describes the normal state of the Fallopian tube? (Trial exam 2023, Sample exam 2025)

1. A The cilia of the tube move towards the ovary
2. B The end of the tube is wider than its start
3. C The start of the tube is attached to the ovary
4. D The cilia of the tube move towards the uterus

Which organ / organs are a safe place for the formation and growth of the embryo in humans? (1st session 2023)

1. A The uterus and the vagina
2. B The uterus only
3. C The Fallopian tube and the uterus
4. D All the organs of the female reproductive system

Where does the first meiotic division take place in the human female and male, respectively? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A Graafian follicle / seminiferous tubules
2. B Fallopian tube / seminiferous tubules
3. C Lining of the ovary / seminiferous tubules
4. D Uterine cavity / the two epididymides

What is the maximum number of cells produced from each primary oocyte when meiosis is completed? (2nd session 2025)

1. A Two secondary oocytes
2. B A secondary oocyte and a first polar body
3. C An ovum and a second polar body
4. D An ovum and three polar bodies

The thick muscular wall of the uterus is functionally suitable because it .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Helps to shelter and protect the embryo and push it out during birth
2. B Allows the blastocyst to be implanted and supplies it with food and oxygen
3. C Takes part in the fertilization of the ova
4. D Takes part in the secretion of the sex hormones

The first meiotic division in the ovary of the human female starts .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A At puberty
2. B During childhood
3. C After birth
4. D At fertilization

What is the reason for the low fertility rate in a 25-year-old female? (Trial exam / May 2021)

1. A Continued secretion of estrogen
2. B Low secretion of FSH
3. C Low secretion of progesterone
4. D High secretion of LH

Study the opposite graph, which shows the concentration of two hormones in a human female over 28 days, then state what happens if sperms reach the Fallopian tube at the start of period (Y). (1st session 2021)

1. A Fusion of the gametes happens
2. B The enzyme hyaluronidase is secreted on the coat of the ovum
3. C No fusion of the gametes happens
4. D The second meiotic division of the ovum happens

Which structures or cells can be seen together when the ovary of a female is examined under the microscope during the menstrual cycle? (1st session 2024)

1. A A Graafian follicle and the corpus luteum
2. B A primary oocyte and a secondary oocyte
3. C A primary oocyte and the first polar body
4. D Immature follicles and Graafian follicles

What type of cell is found inside an immature Graafian follicle? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A A primary oocyte
2. B An oogonium
3. C A secondary oocyte
4. D A primordial germ cell

When is progesterone at its highest level? And why? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A Between ovulation and menstruation - to keep the endometrium
2. B Between maturation of the ovum and ovulation - to rebuild the endometrium
3. C Between ovulation and menstruation - to stimulate maturation of the ovum
4. D Between menstruation and maturation of the ovum - to stimulate maturation of the ovum

Study the following graph, which shows the changes in the concentration of 4 hormones (A), (B), (C), (D) during the menstrual cycle of a human female, then deduce: (Trial exam 2023)
(1) How does the change in the concentration of hormone (B) affect the change in the concentration of hormone (C) during days 13 and 14 of the cycle?
(2) When does the clear increase in the concentration of hormone (C) on day 13 of the cycle affect the activity of the ovary? Explain your answer.

Study the opposite figure, which shows a structure inside the ovary of an adult human female, then deduce: (1st session 2023, Sample exam 2025)
(1) What type of division takes place in cell (A)? What is its purpose?
(2) What type of division takes place in cell (B)? What is its purpose?

Study the opposite figure, which shows the reproductive system of an adult female, then deduce: (2nd session 2023)
(1) What is the name of the phase of the menstrual cycle that the female is going through, as shown in the figure?
(2) What role does LH play during this phase?