Reproduction in Flowering Plants questions

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of angiosperms?

1. A They reproduce sexually and asexually
2. B Their seeds develop inside a floral envelope
3. C They are called seed plants
4. D They are called flowering plants

Study the following figures, then answer:
Which figure can represent a pedicellate flower with a bract?

1. A (1) only
2. B (2) only
3. C (2) , (3)
4. D (1) , (4)

Study the following figures, then answer:
Which figures can represent a sessile flower?

1. A (1) only
2. B (2) only
3. C (2) , (3)
4. D (1) , (4)

In the two opposite figures, flower (X) differs from flower (Y) in that it is ..........

1. A female with a floral envelope
2. B hermaphrodite with a floral envelope
3. C male with a floral envelope
4. D male with one cotyledon

Which of the following is NOT a function of the flower?

1. A Producing pollen grains
2. B Asexual reproduction
3. C Producing ovules
4. D Sexual reproduction

Which of the following is the function of the style in the carpel?

1. A Guiding the entry of the pollen tube
2. B Recognizing the suitable pollen grains
3. C Producing nectar
4. D Stimulating the division of the generative cell

What is the number of the part from which the embryo sac forms in the opposite figure?

1. A (1)
2. B (2)
3. C (3)
4. D (4)

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of pollen grains as soon as they leave the anther?

1. A The tube nucleus
2. B The generative nucleus
3. C The thick wall
4. D The two male nuclei

Which of the following results from meiotic division in one of the cells of the plant's gonads?

1. A 4 pollen grains
2. B 4 ovules
3. C 4 microspores
4. D One ovule or 4 pollen grains

The opposite figure shows the steps of forming the female gamete in a flowering plant. Answer:
Where do the two processes (X) , (Y) take place, respectively?

1. A The ovule / the ovary
2. B The ovule / the embryo sac
3. C The embryo sac / the ovary
4. D The embryo sac / the ovule

The opposite figure shows the steps of forming the female gamete in a flowering plant. Answer:
Which of the following parts of the flower does NOT take part in pollination or fertilization?

1. A (1)
2. B (2)
3. C (3)
4. D (4)

Which of the following results from meiotic division followed by mitotic division of the spore mother cells in the gonads?

1. A The gametes in Plasmodium (malaria parasite)
2. B The ovules in plants
3. C The sperms in honeybees
4. D The eggs in Fern

How are pollen grains formed in flowering plants?

1. A By meiotic division only
2. B By mitotic division only
3. C By mitotic division followed by meiotic division
4. D By meiotic division followed by mitotic division

In what does the pollen grain resemble the zygospore?

1. A The number of nuclei
2. B Having a thick wall
3. C The conditions that cause its formation
4. D The number of chromosome sets

The opposite figure shows a section in the anther of a flower. Which of the choices in the following table expresses the chromosome sets of cells (X) , (Y)?

1. A X: n , Y: n
2. B X: 2n , Y: 2n
3. C X: n , Y: 2n
4. D X: 2n , Y: n

If you know that the number of pollen grains in each pollen sac of a plant is about 40 pollen grains, what is the number of spore mother cells in the flower of this plant, which has 5 stamens?

1. A 80
2. B 200
3. C 400
4. D 800

Which of the following is functionally similar to the opposite figure?

1. A The egg sac of Plasmodium
2. B The archegonia of Adiantum
3. C The antheridia of Fern
4. D The sporangium of bread mould

Which of the following happens in the ovule of angiosperms?

1. A Microspores form from the spore mother cell
2. B The spore mother cell divides by reduction division
3. C The egg nucleus results from the meiotic division of the embryo sac nucleus
4. D The endosperm surrounds the spore mother cell

If a flower produces 1600 pollen grains, and the number of spore mother cells in each pollen sac is 10 cells, how many stamens are there in this flower?

1. A 10
2. B 5
3. C 4
4. D 1

If each sac of the anther of a flower contains 120 spore mother cells, what is the maximum number of tube nuclei in the pollen grains produced from this anther?

1. A 480
2. B 960
3. C 1920
4. D 3840

Which of the following is NOT found in the mature ovary of the flower?

1. A The spore mother cell
2. B The egg cell
3. C The two polar nuclei
4. D The nucellus

If you know that the nucleus of a cell from a potato leaf contains 48 chromosomes, which of the following represents the number of chromosomes in one of the nuclei of the embryo sac?

1. A 21
2. B 24
3. C 48
4. D 72

The opposite figure shows the structure of part of one of the floral whorls. Which of the following is correct?

1. A The first and second meiotic divisions take place in part (Y)
2. B The first meiotic division takes place in part (X) and the second in part (Y)
3. C The first meiotic division takes place in part (Y) and the second in part (X)
4. D The first and second meiotic divisions take place in part (X)

Which of the following can represent the stages shown in the opposite graph?

1. A Germination of the pollen grain
2. B Formation of pollen grains
3. C Formation of ovules in plants
4. D Double fertilization

How many spore mother cells will produce 1000 generative nuclei?

1. A 125
2. B 200
3. C 250
4. D 500

What is the maximum number of antipodal cells that result from the division of 10 spore mother cells in the ovary of a flowering plant?

1. A 10
2. B 20
3. C 30
4. D 40

The ovary of a pea flower contains 6 mature ovules. What is the number of synergid cells and antipodal cells, respectively?

1. A 6 / 12
2. B 12 / 18
3. C 12 / 24
4. D 18 / 24

What is the maximum number of microspores that result from the division of 100 spore mother cells in the anther of a flowering plant?

1. A 100
2. B 400
3. C 800
4. D 1600

The opposite graph represents one of the stages of ..........

1. A ovule formation in plants
2. B the formation of ciliated swimmers (antherozoids) in Fern
3. C sexual reproduction in Spirogyra
4. D pollen grain formation in plants

How many mitotic divisions are needed for 5 ovules to mature inside the ovary of a flower?

1. A 5
2. B 10
3. C 15
4. D 20

How many meiotic divisions are needed to form 100 pollen grains?

1. A 25
2. B 50
3. C 75
4. D 100

If you know that half the number of chromosomes of a cell in the stigma of a bean flower = 2X, what is the number of chromosomes of the male nucleus of the same plant?

1. A X
2. B 2X
3. C 3X
4. D 4X

If the maximum number of male nuclei produced in pollen grains is 320 nuclei, what is the number of spore mother cells in the anther of the flower?

1. A 10
2. B 40
3. C 80
4. D 160

The opposite figure shows different shapes of pollen grains. What is the importance of having many of them?

1. A Variety of fertilization methods
2. B Different types of seeds
3. C Variety of pollination means
4. D Different types of fruits

A pollen grain of a pea plant moved from the anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower on the same plant. What does this process represent?

1. A Self-pollination for the plant
2. B Self-pollination for the flower
3. C Self-pollination for both the plant and the flower
4. D Cross-pollination for both the plant and the flower

From the opposite figure, which of the following plays a role in pollination?

1. A I , A , C
2. B D , H , I
3. C B , A , H
4. D B , D , I

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

1. A All typical flowers contain an androecium and a gynoecium
2. B Pollination in complete flowers is always self-pollination
3. C Fertilization does not necessarily happen after the flower is pollinated
4. D Fruit production is linked to pollination

If the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell from a tissue in the ovary wall of a flower of a plant = 12 chromosomes, what is the number of chromosomes in the generative nucleus, the male nucleus and the endosperm nucleus, respectively?

1. A 12 / 12 / 18
2. B 12 / 6 / 18
3. C 6 / 6 / 18
4. D 12 / 12 / 36

Which of the following is correct about pollination in flowering plants?

1. A Cross-pollination followed by fertilization produces seeds that give individuals carrying the traits of one parent
2. B Self-pollination is biologically costly
3. C Cross-pollination followed by fertilization produces seeds that give individuals more adapted to environmental changes
4. D Self-pollination without fertilization uses more energy than cross-pollination

From the opposite figure, which of the following symbols shows cross-pollination?

1. A (X) only
2. B (X) , (Y)
3. C (Z) only
4. D (Y) , (W)

The opposite figure represents a mature ovary during fertilization. Which of the following is correct about the figure?

1. A Nuclei (1) are haploid and resulted directly from meiotic division
2. B The cells of tissue (2) are haploid and resulted directly from mitotic division
3. C Cell (3) is haploid and resulted directly from meiotic division
4. D Nuclei (4) are haploid and resulted directly from mitotic division

Pollination and fertilization in most dicotyledons pass through the following stages: (1) triple fusion. (2) formation of the pollen tube. (3) formation of the zygote. (4) division of the generative nucleus. (5) disappearance of the endosperm. (6) formation of the embryo. Which of the following represents the correct order of these stages?

1. A (2) → (4) → (5) → (1) → (6) → (3)
2. B (2) → (4) → (3) → (1) → (6) → (5)
3. C (2) → (4) → (1) → (3) → (5) → (6)
4. D (2) → (1) → (3) → (4) → (6) → (5)

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of gamete formation, fertilization and embryo formation in flowering plants?

1. A 2n → 2n → n → 2n
2. B 2n → n → n → 2n
3. C 2n → n → 2n → 2n
4. D n → 2n → n → 2n

If the ovary of a flower contains five mature ovules, how many pollen grains are needed to fertilize these ovules?

1. A 2
2. B 5
3. C 7
4. D 10

In which of the following cases does reproduction in flowering plants achieve its goals?

1. A Pollination without fertilization
2. B Fusion of a male nucleus with the egg cell nucleus inside the embryo sac only
3. C Triple fusion
4. D Double fertilization

Which of the following is a similarity between the nucellus and the endosperm?

1. A The number of chromosome sets
2. B The place where they are found
3. C The time of formation
4. D The function

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of a flowering plant:
Which of the following choices expresses processes (X) , (Y) , (Z)?

1. A X: mitotic division / Y: germination of the pollen grain / Z: triple fusion
2. B X: meiotic division / Y: pollination / Z: triple fusion
3. C X: mitotic division / Y: germination of the pollen grain / Z: double fertilization
4. D X: meiotic division / Y: pollination / Z: double fertilization

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of a flowering plant:
What is the similarity between structures (1) and (2)?

1. A The number of meiotic divisions forming each structure
2. B The number of mitotic divisions forming each structure
3. C The total number of chromosomes of each structure
4. D The number of cells resulting from mitotic division

Which of the following structures in a flowering plant corresponds to the structure found in the archegonia of Fern to complete sexual reproduction?

1. A The ovule
2. B The egg cell
3. C The two nuclei of the embryo sac
4. D The embryo sac

From the opposite figure, which represents the flower of a plant:
Which of the following represents the place where the structures responsible for transferring the genetic material to the offspring are formed?

1. A (X) only
2. B (Y) only
3. C (X) , (Y)
4. D (Y) , (Z)

From the opposite figure, which represents the flower of a plant:
What type of pollination naturally happens in this flower?

1. A Always self-pollination
2. B Cross-pollination by wind
3. C Cross-pollination by insects
4. D Cross-pollination by humans

If the number of chromosomes in a petal cell of the pea plant is 7 pairs of chromosomes, what is the number of chromosomes in one of the cells of the embryo of a pea seed?

1. A 7 chromosomes
2. B 14 chromosomes
3. C 21 chromosomes
4. D 14 pairs of chromosomes

A researcher found a wild plant that carries hermaphrodite flowers without petals but with many stamens. What do you expect the method of pollination in this plant to be?

1. A Self or cross-pollination by insects
2. B Self or cross-pollination by wind
3. C Cross-pollination only by insects
4. D Cross-pollination only by wind

If the number of chromosomes in the endosperm nucleus of a maize grain is 33 chromosomes, what is the number of chromosomes in one of the cells of the embryo of this grain?

1. A 11 chromosomes
2. B 11 pairs of chromosomes
3. C 33 chromosomes
4. D 33 pairs of chromosomes

The two opposite figures show double fertilization in a plant. If you know that the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of a parenchyma cell in the leaf of this plant is 14 chromosomes, which graph represents cells (X) , (Y) , (Z) , (L) correctly?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

Study the opposite table, then answer:
Which of the following plants depends most on bees for cross-pollination?

1. A X
2. B Y
3. C Z
4. D L

Study the opposite table, then answer:
For which of the following plants can air be the main means of pollination?

1. A X
2. B Y
3. C Z
4. D L

From the opposite figure, answer:
Which of the following may happen if the two structures (1) , (4) are absent?

1. A A true fruit forms with seeds inside it
2. B A false fruit forms with seeds inside it
3. C No fruit forms but seeds form
4. D The flower withers and dies

From the opposite figure, answer:
Which of the following parts determine the type of pollination in the flower?

1. A (3) , (4)
2. B (2) , (5)
3. C (1) , (5)
4. D (4) , (6)

Study the opposite figure, then answer:
Which of the following is correct about the place where stage (2) shown in the figure takes place?

1. A Always the stigma of a flower of the same plant
2. B The anther of a mature flower
3. C The funicle of an ovule of the same plant
4. D Sometimes the stigma of a flower of another plant of the same species

Study the opposite figure, then answer:
Which of the following is correct about the formation of structure (X)?

1. A It forms when it reaches the micropyle
2. B It forms during pollination
3. C It forms after its fusion with the two polar nuclei
4. D It forms before it reaches the micropyle

What is the source of nourishment of the embryo of the bean seed directly after it forms?

1. A The nucellus
2. B The endosperm
3. C The food stored in the cotyledons
4. D The ovary

Which of the following structures are responsible for forming the grain?

1. A The ovule and the calyx
2. B The ovary and the corolla
3. C The ovary and the ovule
4. D The receptacle and the testa

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

1. A The ovary wall fuses with the ovule coats in maize
2. B The ovary wall does not fuse with the ovule coats in dates
3. C The endosperm disappears and other food is stored in the two cotyledons in castor oil
4. D Other food is stored in the two cotyledons in pea

From the two opposite figures, which of the following statements is correct?

1. A Forming both requires double fertilization
2. B (1) represents an endospermic seed and (2) represents a non-endospermic seed
3. C In (2) the fruit coat fuses with the seed coat
4. D (1) , (2) represent monocotyledonous seeds

The opposite figure represents a flower of the pea plant:
Which of the following can be used as evidence that fertilization has been completed?

1. A Formation of seeds
2. B Formation of the fruit
3. C Withering of the corolla
4. D Withering of the calyx

The opposite figure represents a flower of the pea plant:
What will form inside the ovary after all the ovules are fertilized?

1. A 9 grains
2. B 9 fruits
3. C 9 endospermic seeds
4. D 9 non-endospermic seeds

Study the two opposite figures (X) , (Y), then answer:
What is the fate of cell number (1) after fertilization?

1. A It divides mitotically to form a seed
2. B It divides mitotically to form a fruit
3. C It hardens and takes part in forming the testa
4. D It degenerates and disappears

Study the two opposite figures (X) , (Y), then answer:
Directly after fertilization, if this ovule is in a flower of the bean plant, what happens to structure number (2)?

1. A It divides meiotically to form the endosperm tissue
2. B It divides mitotically to form the endosperm tissue
3. C It divides meiotically to form two cotyledons
4. D It divides mitotically to form two cotyledons

Which of the following flowers cannot form seeds?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

What are the chromosome sets of the cells found inside the embryo sac directly after double fertilization?

1. A Haploid only
2. B Diploid only
3. C Diploid and triploid only
4. D Haploid, diploid and triploid

In which of the following plants can the fruit coat NOT be separated from the seed coat?

1. A Pea and castor oil
2. B Pea and bean
3. C Wheat and maize
4. D Dates and bean

Which of the following vital processes takes place in the seed in the first stage of germination?

1. A Cellular respiration
2. B Photosynthesis
3. C Meiotic division followed by mitotic division
4. D Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

The banana fruit is similar to the peach fruit in that each of them results from ..........

1. A pollination and fertilization
2. B pollination only
3. C the ovary
4. D the ovule

From the two opposite figures, answer:
In what does plant (1) differ from plant (2)?

1. A The components of the flower
2. B The origin of the seeds
3. C The origin of the fruits
4. D The type of seed

From the two opposite figures, answer:
Which of the following statements is correct for fruit (1) and fruit (2), respectively?

1. A true, monocotyledonous / true, dicotyledonous
2. B true, dicotyledonous / true, monocotyledonous
3. C false, monocotyledonous / false, dicotyledonous
4. D false, dicotyledonous / true, dicotyledonous

In front of you is a group of fruits. Study them, then answer:
Which of the following is a similarity between fruits (1) : (4)?

1. A The number of pollen grains needed to form the seeds
2. B The number of egg cells needed to form the embryo
3. C Keeping the sepals
4. D Keeping the petals

In front of you is a group of fruits. Study them, then answer:
In what does fruit (1) differ from fruit (3)?

1. A The number of nuclei that share in forming the seed
2. B The number of chromosomes of the seed
3. C The chromosome set of the endosperm tissue
4. D The part that becomes fleshy with food

How does the bean embryo get the food needed for its growth under the soil surface during germination?

1. A By photosynthesis
2. B By hydrolysis of starch in the endosperm
3. C By hydrolysis of protein in the two cotyledons
4. D From the mineral salts in the soil

The following figures represent sections of several different fruits. Study them, then answer:
How many pollen grains share in forming the seeds of (X)?

1. A 4
2. B 8
3. C 16
4. D 24

The following figures represent sections of several different fruits. Study them, then answer:
How many nuclei share in forming the seeds of (Y)?

1. A 4
2. B 5
3. C 10
4. D 20

The following figures represent sections of several different fruits. Study them, then answer:
How many ovules share in forming the seeds of (Z)?

1. A 1
2. B 2
3. C 7
4. D 14

The following figures represent sections of several different fruits. Study them, then answer:
Why does the size of the seeds in (L) differ?

1. A Because of the different amount of food stored in the two cotyledons of each
2. B Because of the different number of chromosomes in each
3. C Because of the different amount of food stored in the endosperm tissue of each
4. D Because of the different number of nuclei sharing in forming each

In the mature ovary of a flower that contains one ovule, how many cells degenerate after double fertilization?

1. A 5
2. B 6
3. C 7
4. D 8

Which of the following expresses the origin of the testa?

1. A The ovary wall only
2. B The ovule coats only
3. C The egg coat only
4. D The ovary wall and the ovule coats together

Which of the following happens after double fertilization in the plant?

1. A The ovary turns into a fruit and the fertilized ovules turn into seeds
2. B The ovary turns into a seed and each ovule turns into a fruit
3. C The ovule turns into a fruit and each fertilized ovary turns into a seed
4. D The flower withers and falls

Which of the following represents the number of cells found in the ovule of a mature flower before and after double fertilization, respectively?

1. A 7 / 6
2. B 7 / 4
3. C 7 / 2
4. D 6 / 2

Which of the following plant structures corresponds to the spore in the life cycle of bread mould?

1. A The pollen grain
2. B The egg
3. C The seed
4. D The zygote

In which of the following plants does the embryo use up all the endosperm while it forms?

1. A Wheat
2. B Maize
3. C Lupine
4. D Castor oil

Which of the following pairs of terms is correct in flowering plants?

1. A Ovary → false fruit
2. B Embryo sac → female gamete
3. C Ovary → true fruit
4. D Zygote → seeds

How many pollen grains are needed to fertilize the mango flower?

1. A 1
2. B 2
3. C 3
4. D 4

How many nuclei share in forming the bean seed?

1. A 2
2. B 3
3. C 4
4. D 5

How many nuclei share in forming the wheat grain?

1. A 2
2. B 3
3. C 4
4. D 5

From the following figure, which represents the seed of a dicotyledonous plant, what is the number of chromosome sets of the two structures (X) , (Y)?

1. A Haploid and diploid, respectively
2. B Diploid and haploid, respectively
3. C Both are haploid
4. D Both are diploid

From the two opposite figures, which of the following choices corresponds to parts (X) , (Y) , (Z), respectively, after the fruit forms?

1. A (2) / (4) / (5)
2. B (4) / (5) / (2)
3. C (5) / (6) / (3)
4. D (3) / (5) / (6)

The opposite figure represents the life cycle of a flowering plant. Study it, then answer:
From what does structure (Z) develop?

1. A The ovule
2. B The ovary
3. C The ovule coat
4. D The ovary wall

The opposite figure represents the life cycle of a flowering plant. Study it, then answer:
Which of the following expresses structure number (1) and structure number (2), respectively?

1. A Endosperm tissue / nucellus tissue
2. B Nucellus tissue / endosperm tissue
3. C Endosperm tissue / food stored in the two cotyledons
4. D Food stored in the two cotyledons / endosperm tissue

The opposite figure represents the life cycle of a flowering plant. Study it, then answer:
What type of cell division takes place in structure (Y)?

1. A Meiotic
2. B Mitotic
3. C Meiotic then mitotic
4. D Mitotic then meiotic

The opposite figure represents the life cycle of a flowering plant. Study it, then answer:
What type of cell division takes place inside structure (X)?

1. A Meiotic
2. B Mitotic
3. C Meiotic then mitotic
4. D Mitotic then meiotic

The opposite figure represents the life cycle of a flowering plant. Study it, then answer:
What is the type of pollination in this plant?

1. A Always self-pollination
2. B Cross-pollination, mostly by insects
3. C Cross-pollination by water
4. D Always cross-pollination by humans

The opposite figure represents the life cycle of a flowering plant. Study it, then answer:
From what does structure (L) develop?

1. A The receptacle of the flower
2. B The ovary
3. C The ovule
4. D The pedicel of the flower

If the total number of chromosomes that share in forming a plant grain equals 75, what is the number of chromosomes in the endosperm nucleus?

1. A 15
2. B 20
3. C 30
4. D 45

Which of the following is NOT one of the natural effects of plant hormones?

1. A Ripening of fruits and increase in their size
2. B Withering of annual plants before reproduction is completed
3. C Growth of the root system
4. D Coiling of the tendril around the support

Study the opposite pictures. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

1. A (1) is an endospermic monocotyledonous seed
2. B (3) is an endospermic monocotyledonous seed
3. C (2) is an endospermic dicotyledonous seed
4. D (2) is a non-endospermic dicotyledonous seed

A tree produces seedless oranges, and when a small branch is cut from this tree and planted in the soil, it produces a new plant. Which of the following characterizes the ripe fruits?

1. A Most of them have seeds
2. B Most of them are seedless
3. C All of them have seeds
4. D All of them are seedless

Study the opposite chart, which shows the stages of forming the male gametes in the plant. What are processes (1) , (2) , (3)? And what is the purpose of each of them?

The opposite graph shows the stages of division of a cell inside the ovary of a flower, showing the number of nuclei produced at each stage:
(1) What types of division does cell (X) pass through until it reaches cell (L) inside the ovary of the flower? Explain your answer.
(2) What is the number of chromosome sets of the nuclei in stages (X) : (L)?
(3) What is the number of cells in each of the two stages (Y) , (L)? Explain your answer.
(4) What is the difference between cell (X) and cell (Z)?

From the opposite figure, identify the letters and names of the structures in which meiotic division takes place.

Study the opposite figure, which shows a section in one of the carpels of a flower. What is the expected number of antipodal cells formed in the figure?

The opposite figure shows an ovule directly before fertilization. Identify the number and name of the structure that:
(1) results from the meiotic division of the spore mother cell.
(2) fuses with the nucleus of the pollen grain to form the zygote.
(3) the pollen tube reaches.

Why do some farmers remove the anthers from hermaphrodite flowers?

What happens if pollination does not take place in flowering plants?

From the opposite figures, which of them can represent a flower that produces a false fruit? Explain your answer.

From the opposite figures, which flowers give individuals with high genetic variation? Explain your answer.

From the opposite figure:
(1) What are the main parts responsible for determining the type of pollination?
(2) What are the parts responsible for determining the means of pollination?

The opposite figure shows the fruit of the pea plant after it opens. Study it, then answer:
(1) What means does this plant use to keep its stem upright although it is weak?
(2) Write what structure (X) indicates, and what its origin is.

From the opposite figure, identify the numbers and names of the structures responsible for completing double fertilization.

Castor oil seeds combine the characteristics of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds. Explain that.

What is the similarity between the origin of the two fruits shown in front of you?

A watermelon fruit contains 240 seeds. How many pollen grains are needed for fertilization? And how many spore mother cells are needed in this ovary to form these seeds?

The opposite diagram shows the whorls of a typical flower arranged from the outside inwards. Which floral whorls remain present after the fruit forms in the following plants:
(1) Eggplant.
(2) Pomegranate.
(3) Pumpkin.
(4) Dates.

Study the opposite table, then deduce: what do the letters (X) , (Y) , (Z) refer to?
Bean: method of reproduction (X) , plant (Y): spores , carrot: method of reproduction (Z).

Parthenocarpy is not considered reproduction, while parthenogenesis is considered reproduction. Explain that.

Which of the opposite figures shows the main role of the structure pointed to by the arrow? (Trial exam / June 2021)

1. A (4)
2. B (3)
3. C (2)
4. D (1)

Which floral whorl(s) carry out the function of protection in the flower? (1st session 2024)

1. A The calyx only
2. B The corolla only
3. C The calyx and the receptacle
4. D The calyx and the corolla

How many floral whorls are there in a male flower whose corolla consists of 4 rows of petals? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A Two whorls
2. B 3 whorls
3. C 4 whorls
4. D 6 whorls

The swollen end of the flower pedicel, which carries all the parts of the flower, is called .......... (Sample exam 2025)

1. A the bract
2. B the receptacle
3. C the calyx
4. D the corolla

Which of the following floral whorls of the tulip flower attract insects to pollinate the flower? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A The calyx only
2. B The corolla only
3. C Both the calyx and the corolla
4. D Both the corolla and the androecium

Which of the following represents the difference between the steps of forming pollen grains and ovules in flowering plants? (Trial exam / May 2021)

1. A The order of meiotic and mitotic division
2. B The number of times of mitotic division
3. C The number of times of meiotic division
4. D The number of cells resulting from meiotic division

Study the following chart, which expresses the stages of forming an ovule of the bean plant: (Trial exam / June 2021)
What do (A) , (B) express, respectively?

1. A Mitotic division / 4 cells
2. B Meiotic division / 4 nuclei
3. C Mitotic division / 8 cells
4. D Meiotic division / 8 nuclei

Study the opposite chart, which shows the stages of forming the male gametes in the plant. What is the purpose of process (2)? (1st session 2021, 2022)

1. A Producing microspores
2. B Producing the nuclei of the pollen grain
3. C Forming the spore mother cells
4. D Reducing the number of chromosomes

The opposite figure shows part of a mature ovary:
(1) Which letter expresses the food of the contents of the embryo sac? (2nd session 2021, 2022)

1. A F
2. B B
3. C D
4. D C

The opposite figure shows part of a mature ovary:
(2) Which letter expresses one of the products of meiotic division? (Trial exam 2023, Sample exam 2025)

1. A A
2. B F
3. C C
4. D E

Study the opposite figure, which shows a section in one of the carpels of a flower. What is the expected number of synergid cells formed in the figure? (2nd session 2022)

1. A 20
2. B 15
3. C 5
4. D 8

What is the source of the nutrients needed to nourish the ovule in flowering plants? (1st session 2023, Sample exam 2025)

1. A The nucellus and the micropyle
2. B The funicle
3. C The endosperm
4. D The ovary wall and the nucellus

When are the pollen sacs full of spore mother cells? (2nd session 2023)

1. A During the production of pollen grains
2. B Before the production of pollen grains
3. C Before and after the production of pollen grains
4. D Before and during the production of pollen grains

In front of you is a diagram showing one of the stages of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Identify the type of division in (1) , (2), respectively. (2nd session 2023)

1. A Mitotic / meiotic
2. B Meiotic / mitotic
3. C Meiotic / meiotic
4. D Mitotic / mitotic

What is the importance of the degeneration of three of the four cells produced by the meiotic division of the spore mother cell in the ovary of a flower while the ovule matures? (1st session 2024)

1. A Reducing the number of chromosomes and providing food for the ovule
2. B Forming the embryo sac and forming the funicle
3. C Reducing the number of chromosomes and forming the micropyle
4. D Providing food for the ovule and forming the ovule coats

The opposite figure shows the structure of the flower in angiosperms. How many meiotic divisions lead to producing the gametes found in the structure pointed to by the letter (X) in the figure? (1st session 2025)

1. A 1
2. B 3
3. C 6
4. D 18

How many swellings (spore mother cells) are attached to the wall of the flower ovary at the beginning of ovule formation? (2nd session 2025)

1. A One
2. B Four
3. C One or two
4. D One or many

The mature pollen grain contains .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A one nucleus
2. B two nuclei
3. C three nuclei
4. D four nuclei

Study the opposite diagram, which shows the whorls of a fully mature flower arranged from the outside inwards, then deduce: what is the reason that confirms self-pollination happens in this flower? (Trial exam / May 2021)

1. A (Y) attracting insects
2. B Both (Z) , (L) maturing at the same time
3. C (L) maturing before (Z)
4. D (X) protecting the inner components

Study the opposite graph, which shows one of the vital processes inside the ovules of the pea plant (its body cells contain 14 chromosomes), then deduce: what vital process do (A) , (B) together express? (Trial exam / May 2021)

1. A Double fertilization
2. B Triple fusion
3. C Formation of the embryo sac
4. D Formation of the fruit

Which of the following must be found in flowers that are cross-pollinated by wind? (1st session 2021)

1. A Pollen grains that are numerous and light in weight
2. B Stigmas completely covered by petals
3. C Brightly coloured petals
4. D The level of the stigmas lower than the level of the anthers

The opposite graph shows the size of the leaves of two floral whorls of four flowers of different species. Which number refers to the flower pollinated by insects? (2nd session 2021)

1. A (1)
2. B (2)
3. C (3)
4. D (4)

Which of the following is determined by structure number (2) in the opposite figure? (1st session 2022)

1. A Fertilization
2. B The fruit
3. C Pollination
4. D The seed

Study the opposite figure, then answer: what characterizes pollination as it appears in the figure? (2nd session 2022)

1. A Cross-pollination for the plant
2. B Self-pollination for the plant
3. C Self-pollination for the plant and for the flower
4. D Cross-pollination for the plant and for the flower

What role does the filament play in the stamens of flowers? (2nd session 2022)

1. A It determines the type of pollination in unisexual flowers
2. B It determines the type of pollination in hermaphrodite flowers
3. C It protects the carpels in hermaphrodite flowers
4. D It shares in forming pollen grains

What is the difference between the two flowers (X) , (Y)? (Trial exam 2023, Sample exam 2025)

1. A The type of pollination
2. B The sex of the flower
3. C The number of pollen sacs
4. D The number of ovules

Study the following table, which shows the structures that appear when examining the pollen sacs and the ovary of three flowers of different plants, then deduce: (2nd session 2023)
Flower (1): anther: microspores , ovary: egg cell.
Flower (2): anther: generative nucleus and tube nucleus , ovary: spore mother cells.
Flower (3): anther: generative nucleus and tube nucleus , ovary: antipodal cells.
What is the reason that self-pollination happens in flower (3) and does not happen in flowers (1) , (2)?

1. A The flower has a floral envelope
2. B The absence of cross-pollination means
3. C The anthers are at a higher level than the stigmas
4. D The two sexual parts mature together

What is the product of double fertilization in flowering plants? (2nd session 2023)

1. A A zygote and an endosperm nucleus
2. B An embryo and endosperm tissue
3. C A zygote and nucellus
4. D An embryo and a fruit

Study the figure in front of you, then deduce: how many pollen tubes and male nuclei shared in producing the seeds of this fruit, respectively? (2nd session 2024)

1. A 6 / 12
2. B 6 / 6
3. C 12 / 12
4. D 12 / 6

Study the following chart, which shows the division of spore mother cells and the final product of these divisions. If (A) , (B) are produced in flowering plants, while (C) is produced in a non-flowering plant and (D) is produced in a primitive organism, which letters express the production of new individuals? (2nd session 2024)

1. A A , B
2. B B , C
3. C C , D
4. D A , C

What is the product of triple fusion in the fertilization of the pea plant? (2nd session 2025)

1. A The zygote
2. B The zygote and the endosperm nucleus
3. C The endosperm nucleus
4. D The tissue needed for seed germination

The pollen tube in flowering plants plays a main role in .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A carrying the male nuclei to the ovule
2. B stimulating the ovary to form seeds
3. C carrying the tube nucleus and the generative nucleus to the embryo sac
4. D delivering the pollen grain to the ovule to complete fertilization

How many nuclei are found in the pollen tube while it passes through the ovary wall? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A 1
2. B 2
3. C 3
4. D 4

Which of the following describes the eggplant fruit? (Trial exam / May 2021)

1. A True
2. B False
3. C Single-seeded
4. D Seedless

Which fruit differs in its type from the other fruits? (Trial exam / June 2021)

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

What are the pea pods resulting from treating the flowers with pollen grain powder in ether solution like? (1st session 2021)

1. A Empty of seeds
2. B Longer
3. C Larger in size
4. D With few seeds

What is the similarity between bean seeds and maize grains? (1st session 2021)

1. A Both contain a micropyle through which water passes during germination
2. B The embryo feeds on the endosperm during germination
3. C The embryo feeds on the food stored in the cotyledons during germination
4. D Both are endospermic seeds

Look at the figure in front of you, then explain how this fruit formed. (2nd session 2021)

1. A Pollination then fertilization
2. B Removing the stamens of the flower
3. C Pollination without fertilization
4. D Treating the plant with nitrous acid

The wheat plant shows only vegetative growth in February and March. What means can stimulate this plant to form flowers and fruits when it is grown in these two months? (2nd session 2021)

1. A Spraying the plant with mustard gas
2. B Watering the plant at close intervals
3. C Using organic fertilizers
4. D Spraying the plant with indole acetic acid solution

In front of you are two different types of seeds (A) , (B) in flowering plants. Identify them, then determine the most important thing that distinguishes seed (A) from seed (B). (2nd session 2021)

1. A Presence of the nucellus
2. B Disappearance of the nucellus
3. C Disappearance of the endosperm
4. D Presence of the endosperm

What is the similarity between the pineapple and apple fruits? (1st session 2022)

1. A Their formation is linked to pollination and fertilization
2. B Both contain seeds
3. C They result from pollination without fertilization
4. D They result from hormonal activity

Study the opposite chart, which shows a human carrying out a process on the plant. What is the role of substance (X) in forming (Y)? (1st session 2022)

1. A Increasing the size of the seeds
2. B Increasing the number of seeds
3. C Inducing the plant to resist diseases
4. D Stimulating the reproductive organs to form fruits

Study the opposite figure, then answer: what is the correct description of this fruit? (2nd session 2022)

1. A It formed from the ovary becoming fleshy
2. B It resulted from fertilization
3. C It resulted from hormonal stimulation
4. D It formed without fertilization

What are the results of putting part (X) on part (Y)? (2nd session 2022)

1. A Hardening of the flower coats
2. B The ovary cells becoming fleshy
3. C Formation of a false fruit
4. D Withering of the flower

Study the opposite figure, which shows the formation of a fruit. If you know that (1) results from (A), and (2) results from (B), which of the following describes the resulting fruit? (Trial exam 2023, Sample exam 2025)

1. A True, resulting from no fertilization
2. B False, resulting from fertilization
3. C True, resulting from fertilization
4. D False, resulting from no fertilization

From the opposite picture, what is the effect of inhibiting auxins on this plant during this stage of its growth? (Trial exam 2023)

1. A Formation of seedless fruits
2. B Withering of the fruits
3. C Stopping of vegetative growth
4. D Withering and death of the plant

From the picture in front of you, what structure(s) result from double fertilization? (1st session 2023)

1. A (4) only
2. B (3) only
3. C (2) , (4)
4. D (3) , (4)

Why does the embryo of some seeds keep the endosperm? (1st session 2023, Sample exam 2025, 2026)

1. A Because the endosperm is the only source of food for the germination of all types of seeds
2. B Because the ovule coats fuse with the ovary wall
3. C Because it does not use up all the endosperm while it forms
4. D Because it stores food in the two cotyledons

In which fruit does the ovary not store food other than the food stored in the seed? (1st session 2023)

1. A Orange
2. B Maize
3. C Eggplant
4. D Zucchini

Which of the following seeds get the energy needed for embryo formation from the endosperm? (2nd session 2023)

1. A Monocotyledonous only
2. B Endospermic only
3. C Non-endospermic only
4. D Endospermic and non-endospermic

Which of the following floral whorls / leaves can be found together in the same fruit? (2nd session 2023)

1. A The calyx and the corolla
2. B The sepals and the stamens
3. C The stamens and the petals
4. D The petals and the receptacle

What is the purpose of sexual reproduction in monocotyledonous plants? (1st session 2024)

1. A Producing seeds
2. B Producing grains
3. C Producing fruits
4. D Producing flowers

What is the fate of the ovary in the wheat flower after fertilization is completed? (1st session 2024)

1. A It turns into a monocotyledonous seed
2. B It turns into an endospermic seed
3. C It turns into a grain
4. D It turns into a seedless fruit

In which fruits is the ovary part of their structure? (1st session 2024)

1. A Fruits with a fleshy ovary only
2. B False fruits only
3. C Seedless fruits only
4. D All types of fruits

Which of the following is a characteristic of the onion flower? (2nd session 2024)

1. A It does not turn into a fruit after fertilization
2. B It is a unisexual flower
3. C It can turn into a seed after fertilization
4. D It has coloured sepals

The characteristic that distinguishes the apple fruit is that .......... (Sample exam 2025)

1. A it forms from one of the parts of the flower other than the ovary
2. B it results from pollination without fertilization
3. C it results from the fusion of the ovule coats with the ovary wall
4. D it forms from an ovary that increased in size and stored food

Which of the following parts of the wheat plant has nuclei containing a larger amount of DNA? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A The stem
2. B The root
3. C The grain
4. D The leaf

After double fertilization the fertilized ovule turns into a seed. Which of the following seeds has all its cells diploid after it matures? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A Bean
2. B Wheat
3. C Castor oil
4. D Maize

Which types of seeds contain the food needed for the growth of the embryo during germination? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A Endospermic seeds
2. B Monocotyledonous seeds
3. C Non-endospermic seeds and grains
4. D Endospermic and non-endospermic seeds

The opposite figure shows a longitudinal section in the carpel of a flower. When two ovules in the carpel are fertilized, the number of fruits formed is .......... (1st session 2025)

1. A 1
2. B 2
3. C 5
4. D 10

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the banana fruit? (1st session 2025)

1. A Auxins play a role in its formation
2. B Its ovules were not fertilized
3. C Pollination shared in its formation
4. D The ovary did not share in its formation

Which of the following is a characteristic of castor oil seeds? (1st session 2025)

1. A Non-endospermic seeds
2. B Endospermic seeds
3. C Monocotyledonous seeds
4. D They are considered grains

Which floral whorls do not wither and stay as part of the pomegranate fruit? (2nd session 2025)

1. A All whorls except the corolla
2. B The calyx and the androecium
3. C The gynoecium and the corolla
4. D The calyx and the corolla

All the following seeds contain a food tissue when they finish maturing, except the seeds of .......... (2nd session 2025)

1. A bean
2. B wheat
3. C castor oil
4. D maize

The part that turns into the fruit coat in dates is .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A the ovary wall
2. B the ovule coats
3. C the ovary wall and the ovule coats
4. D the outer ovule coat and the ovary wall

How many fruits does a flower whose gynoecium consists of 10 separate carpels form? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A One fruit
2. B 5 fruits
3. C 10 fruits
4. D A number equal to the number of ovules inside the carpels

The pollen grain passes through mitotic division twice in two different places. Identify these two places, and the importance of this division in each of them. (Sample exam 2026)