Methods of Reproduction (continued) questions

If an organism depends on asexual reproduction more than on sexual reproduction, which of the following is a reason for asexual reproduction?

1. A Continuous change in environmental conditions
2. B Living in stable environmental conditions
3. C The need for genetic variation
4. D The spread of some diseases in the environment

Which of the following types of reproduction is biologically costly?

1. A Reproduction by spores
2. B Regeneration
3. C Scalariform conjugation
4. D Budding

Which of the following organisms bears a greater biological cost when it reproduces?

1. A Hydra
2. B Spirogyra
3. C Amoeba
4. D Monkey

In the opposite figures, which cells divide by meiosis and, on germination, produce a filament that is more genetically different from the parent cells?

1. A (1)
2. B (2)
3. C (3)
4. D (4)

Although one filament of Spirogyra contained 6 cells, only 5 filaments were produced after reproduction. Which of the following can explain this?

1. A Scalariform and lateral conjugation took place
2. B Asexual reproduction took place
3. C Only lateral conjugation took place
4. D Only scalariform conjugation took place

Which of the following is a difference between the zygospore and the zygote in the life cycle of Spirogyra?

1. A The number of chromosome sets
2. B The ability to withstand harsh conditions
3. C The type of conjugation
4. D The type of reproduction that results from it

On which of the following divisions does sexual reproduction depend to form a new individual in Spirogyra?

1. A Meiosis only
2. B Mitosis followed by meiosis
3. C Mitosis only
4. D Meiosis followed by mitosis

How many zygospores are produced from the reproduction of all the cells of two Spirogyra filaments lying side by side, one with 8 cells and the other with 10 cells, in suitable conditions?

1. A Zero
2. B 8
3. C 9
4. D 10

Which of the following graphs represents the number of chromosomes in the nuclei of the cells of Spirogyra during its life cycle?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

In what does the spore of bread mould resemble the zygospore of Spirogyra?

1. A The number of chromosome sets
2. B The way of germination
3. C The number of chromosomes
4. D Resisting unsuitable conditions

The opposite graph shows a stage in the life cycle of a single Spirogyra filament. What does it show?

1. A Scalariform conjugation took place without improvement of conditions
2. B Lateral conjugation took place without improvement of conditions
3. C Scalariform conjugation took place followed by improvement of conditions
4. D Lateral conjugation took place followed by improvement of conditions

Which of the following does not depend on meiosis to form a new individual?

1. A Parthenogenesis in the frog
2. B Scalariform conjugation in Spirogyra
3. C Tissue culture in tobacco
4. D Lateral conjugation in Spirogyra

In a freshwater pond containing Spirogyra, which of the following possibilities can express the number of nuclei before conjugation to their number directly after conjugation?

1. A 3 : 7
2. B 2 : 5
3. C 3 : 5
4. D 6 : 2

Which of the following gives the least genetic variation in the cells produced by two successive conjugations in Spirogyra?

1. A Lateral then scalariform
2. B Scalariform then scalariform
3. C Lateral then lateral
4. D Scalariform then lateral

Which of the following is not one of the stages common to both scalariform and lateral conjugation in Spirogyra?

1. A Formation of the conjugation tube
2. B Formation of the zygote
3. C Formation of the zygospore
4. D Fusion of the protoplasm

From the opposite figure, which shows one type of reproduction in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas:
What type of reproduction is shown in the figure?

1. A Asexual by binary fission
2. B Asexual by spores
3. C Sexual by conjugation
4. D Sexual by gametes

From the opposite figure, which shows one type of reproduction in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas:
What characterizes the individuals produced by this reproduction?

1. A Haploid and resemble individual (X) in its traits
2. B Haploid and combine the traits of individuals (X) and (Y)
3. C Diploid and resemble individual (Y) in its traits
4. D Diploid and combine the traits of individuals (X) and (Y)

Organisms (X) and (Y) reproduce sexually. (X) does not produce gametes and (Y) is not produced from a zygote. What do organisms (X) and (Y) represent, respectively?

1. A Honeybee female / bread mould
2. B Spirogyra / honeybee male
3. C Aphid female / honeybee male
4. D Aphid female / Spirogyra

The opposite graph shows reproduction in Spirogyra. Given that (X) was produced by reproduction in suitable conditions:
In what does (X) differ from (Y)?

1. A The number of chromosomes
2. B The types of division that produce it
3. C The type of cells
4. D The way of nutrition

The opposite graph shows reproduction in Spirogyra. Given that (X) was produced by reproduction in suitable conditions:
What type of reproduction produces each of (X) and (Y), respectively?

1. A Sexual / sexual
2. B Asexual / asexual
3. C Asexual / sexual
4. D Sexual / asexual

Why is lateral conjugation not considered asexual reproduction although it takes place in one individual?

1. A Because it increases the number of chromosomes
2. B Because it takes place in unsuitable environmental conditions
3. C Because it takes place by the fusion of gametes
4. D Because it results from the fusion of two cells

Which of the following organisms does not reproduce by both methods of reproduction?

1. A Sponge
2. B Hydra
3. C Spirogyra
4. D Honeybee male

In Spirogyra, what happens to the number of chromosomes in the cells produced by the process shown in the figure, compared with structure (X)?

1. A It decreases to half
2. B It decreases to a quarter
3. C It increases to double
4. D It does not change

Which of the following choices shows the organisms that form a cyst, a zygospore and spores, respectively?

1. A Spirogyra / fern / mushroom
2. B Amoeba / Spirogyra / bread mould
3. C Bread mould / Spirogyra / Amoeba
4. D Bread mould / fern / Spirogyra

The figure in front of you represents part of the life cycle of bread mould. In the light of what you have studied, answer:
In which of the following organisms can this type of reproduction take place?

1. A Amoeba
2. B Hydra
3. C Sponge
4. D Spirogyra

The figure in front of you represents part of the life cycle of bread mould. In the light of what you have studied, answer:
Which of the following can resemble this type of reproduction?

1. A Sexual reproduction by gametes
2. B Sexual reproduction by scalariform conjugation
3. C Sexual reproduction by lateral conjugation
4. D Asexual reproduction by budding

The opposite graph shows Spirogyra turning to conjugation:
Which of the following represents the stage when rain falls?

1. A (1)
2. B (2)
3. C (3)
4. D (4)

The opposite graph shows Spirogyra turning to conjugation:
What does the letter (A) represent in the figure?

1. A An algal filament
2. B Sex cells
3. C Zygote
4. D Zygospore

A protozoan reproduces by binary fission and sometimes by the fusion of the nuclei of two cells. In the light of what you have studied, answer:
Which of the following is true about reproduction by fusion of nuclei in this organism?

1. A It depends on mitosis
2. B It depends on meiosis
3. C It is one of the types of asexual reproduction
4. D It produces tetraploid individuals

A protozoan reproduces by binary fission and sometimes by the fusion of the nuclei of two cells. In the light of what you have studied, answer:
Which of the following is true about reproduction in this organism?

1. A The individuals produced by both binary fission and fusion of nuclei are genetically different
2. B The individuals produced by both binary fission and fusion of nuclei are genetically identical
3. C The individuals produced by binary fission are genetically different
4. D The individuals produced by fusion of nuclei are genetically different

If conjugation takes place between all the cells of two Spirogyra filaments lying side by side, one containing 10 cells and the other 6 cells, what is the maximum number of zygotes formed?

1. A 2
2. B 3
3. C 4
4. D 8

In which of the following cases is the biological cost of sexual reproduction in mice the lowest?

1. A Mating (X) males with (X) females
2. B Mating (X) males with (2X) females
3. C Mating (2X) males with (X) females
4. D Mating (X) males with (6X) females

Which of the following is always linked to sexual reproduction?

1. A The presence of gametes
2. B The presence of two individuals of different sexes
3. C No genetic variation
4. D Formation of a zygote

Which of the following choices is true about male gametes compared with female gametes, in number and size, respectively?

1. A More / smaller
2. B Fewer / larger
3. C More / larger
4. D Fewer / smaller

What is the type of fertilization in bony fish and reptiles, respectively?

1. A Internal / external
2. B External / internal
3. C Internal / internal
4. D External / external

Which of the following organisms reproduces sexually without gametes?

1. A Spirogyra
2. B Fern
3. C Plasmodium
4. D Aphid

From the opposite graph, which represents the chromosome sets in the life cycle of an organism:
What does the graph express?

1. A Scalariform conjugation in Spirogyra
2. B Natural parthenogenesis in the aphid
3. C Sexual reproduction by gametes
4. D Natural parthenogenesis in the honeybee

From the opposite graph, which represents the chromosome sets in the life cycle of an organism:
How does (3) change into (4)?

1. A By conjugation
2. B By fertilization
3. C By meiosis
4. D By mitosis

What do the cells responsible for transferring genetic material in (humans - birds - snakes - frogs - fish) have in common?

1. A Their ability to swim in water
2. B Internal fertilization
3. C External fertilization
4. D Being haploid

Which of the following is a similarity between sexual reproduction in amphibians and in bony fish?

1. A The type of fertilization
2. B The number of ova
3. C The number of chromosomes
4. D The number of individuals produced by reproduction

From the opposite figure, which shows the life cycle of the jellyfish:
Which process produces genetically identical cells?

1. A (X), (M)
2. B (Y), (M)
3. C (Y), (Z)
4. D (Z), (M)

From the opposite figure, which shows the life cycle of the jellyfish:
Which process produces genetically different cells?

1. A (X) only
2. B (Y) only
3. C (X), (Y)
4. D (Z), (L)

From the opposite figure, which shows the life cycle of the jellyfish:
What process does the letter (M) express?

1. A Meiosis without differentiation
2. B Mitosis without differentiation
3. C Meiosis and tissue differentiation
4. D Mitosis and tissue differentiation

The opposite figures show three organisms (X), (Y) and (Z). Which of these organisms can reproduce sexually by gametes?

1. A (X) only
2. B (Z) only
3. C (X), (Y)
4. D (Y), (Z)

Which of the following statements is true?

1. A Gametes are always formed by meiosis
2. B Meiosis always reduces the number of chromosomes to half
3. C Sexual reproduction always needs two parents
4. D Sexual reproduction is always preceded by meiosis

The opposite diagram shows the process of reproduction in an organism:
What do you expect this organism to be?

1. A Amoeba
2. B Spirogyra
3. C Starfish
4. D Yeast

The opposite diagram shows the process of reproduction in an organism:
In the life cycle of which of the following organisms does process (X) take place?

1. A Spirogyra only
2. B Aphid only
3. C Both the honeybee and the aphid
4. D Both the honeybee and Spirogyra

The opposite graph represents the amount of stored food in the female gametes of some vertebrates (X), (Y), (Z) and (L). If fertilization in (Y) and (Z) takes place outside the female's body, while in (X) and (L) it takes place inside the female's body, what do you expect animal (X) and animal (Y) to be, respectively?

1. A Frog / mouse
2. B Eagle / rabbit
3. C Sparrow / frog
4. D Elephant / eagle

The following figures show some types of reproduction. Study them, then answer:
What is the similarity between the individuals produced by processes (A) and (B)?

1. A The number of chromosomes
2. B The chromosome set
3. C The presence of genetic variation
4. D The size of the cells

The following figures show some types of reproduction. Study them, then answer:
What is the similarity between (X) and (Y)?

1. A Both are produced by sexual reproduction
2. B Both are produced by asexual reproduction
3. C Both are found in the human liver
4. D Both are found in the salivary glands of the mosquito

The following figures show some types of reproduction. Study them, then answer:
What is the aim of the division in figure (3)?

1. A Genetic variation
2. B Increasing the number
3. C Forming gametocytes
4. D Reducing the genetic material

How is malaria transmitted to a healthy person?

1. A The droplets of an infected person
2. B Touching an infected person
3. C The blood of an infected female Anopheles mosquito
4. D The saliva of an infected female Anopheles mosquito

What is the result of the asexual reproduction of Plasmodium in the mosquito?

1. A Formation of gametocytes
2. B Formation of sporozoites
3. C Formation of merozoites
4. D Formation of the ookinete (motile stage)

What is the infective stage for the female Anopheles mosquito in the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium?

1. A Sporozoites
2. B Gametocytes
3. C Zygote
4. D Ookinete (motile stage)

If the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of a sporozoite is (X), what is the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of a merozoite?

1. A X - 1
2. B X
3. C 2X
4. D X + 1

How is the infective stage for humans formed in the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium?

1. A By mitosis of the oocyst nucleus
2. B By mitosis of the merozoites
3. C By meiosis of the zygote nucleus
4. D By meiosis of the oocyst nucleus

In what do the infective stage for the female Anopheles mosquito and the infective stage for humans resemble each other in the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium?

1. A The place where they are found
2. B The place where they are formed
3. C The way they are formed
4. D The number of chromosomes

Which of the following can be seen under the microscope when examining the blood of a person infected with malaria?

1. A Sporozoites and female gametocytes
2. B Merozoites
3. C Merozoites and male gametocytes
4. D Mature gametocytes

The opposite diagram shows some stages of the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium in the female Anopheles mosquito.
What is the importance of the division indicated by the letter (A)?

1. A Forming gametes
2. B Increasing the number of stage (Y)
3. C Reducing the number of chromosomes
4. D Forming the ookinete (motile stage)

Which stage can be found during the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium in both the infected human and the infected female Anopheles mosquito?

1. A Sporozoites
2. B Merozoites
3. C Oocyst
4. D Mature gametocytes

Which of the following is formed by transformation (without division) during the life cycle of Plasmodium?

1. A Merozoites and the ookinete
2. B Gametocytes and sporozoites
3. C The zygote and gametocytes
4. D Gametocytes and the ookinete

The opposite diagram shows the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium. Which of the choices in the following table expresses the places where (X), (Y) and (Z) take place?

1. A X: inside the stomach of the female mosquito, Y: outside the stomach of the female mosquito, Z: human liver cell
2. B X: inside the stomach of the female mosquito, Y: human liver cell, Z: red blood cell
3. C X: human liver cell, Y: red blood cell, Z: inside the stomach of the female mosquito
4. D X: outside the stomach of the female mosquito, Y: human liver cell, Z: red blood cell

At which stage does genetic variation take place in the life cycle of Plasmodium?

1. A Formation of gametocytes
2. B Formation of sporozoites
3. C Formation of the oocyst
4. D Formation of merozoites

How correct are the two following statements: "Every malaria patient has anemia" and "Every anemia patient has malaria"?

1. A Both statements are correct
2. B The first statement is correct and the second is wrong
3. C The first statement is wrong and the second is correct
4. D Both statements are wrong

In the life cycle of Plasmodium there is a primary (definitive) host and an intermediate host. If the primary host is the one in which the gametes fuse, what is the intermediate host?

1. A Humans only
2. B Female or male Anopheles mosquito
3. C Female Anopheles mosquito only
4. D Male Anopheles mosquito only

Which of the following happens if all female Anopheles mosquitoes are exterminated?

1. A The disease is transmitted by male Anopheles mosquitoes
2. B Malaria infection rates rise
3. C The number of malaria patients does not increase
4. D The genetic variation of Plasmodium increases

Which of the following does not match its place?

1. A Merozoites - red blood cells
2. B Sporozoites - mosquito saliva
3. C Gametocytes - salivary glands of the mosquito
4. D Zygote - mosquito stomach

Which of the following distinguishes the stages of the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium inside the mosquito's body from the stages inside the human body?

1. A Asexual reproduction takes place
2. B Sexual reproduction takes place
3. C Several cycles of asexual reproduction take place
4. D Asexual reproduction followed by sexual reproduction takes place

During the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium, where are the diploid stages produced?

1. A In the salivary glands of the female Anopheles mosquito
2. B In the stomach cavity of the female Anopheles mosquito
3. C In human red blood cells
4. D In the stomach wall of the male Anopheles mosquito

Which of the following graphs represents the severity of malaria symptoms in humans during the period of infection?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

How long does the malaria Plasmodium parasite need for the symptoms to appear three successive times in an infected person?

1. A 3 days
2. B 6 days
3. C 10 days
4. D Three weeks

The opposite graph shows the change in body temperature of a person infected with malaria during 10 days of attacking red blood cells. How many times were merozoites released from the infected blood cells of this person?

1. A Once
2. B Five times
3. C Ten times
4. D Twenty times

The opposite diagram shows some stages of the life cycle of an organism:
In which of the following organisms does the opposite life cycle take place?

1. A Spirogyra
2. B Bread mould
3. C Fern
4. D Malaria Plasmodium

The opposite diagram shows some stages of the life cycle of an organism:
In which stage does meiosis take place in the life cycle of this organism?

1. A The ookinete (motile stage)
2. B The zygote
3. C The zygospore
4. D The sporangia

Which of the following represents the timing of meiosis relative to conjugation in Spirogyra and to the formation of the gametophyte in the fern, respectively?

1. A Before / after
2. B Before / before
3. C After / before
4. D After / after

In what does the male gamete resemble the female gamete in the Adiantum (maidenhair fern) plant?

1. A Movement
2. B The number of chromosomes
3. C Shape
4. D Size

In which of the following does meiosis depend on the improvement of conditions?

1. A The zygospore of Spirogyra
2. B The ookinete of Plasmodium
3. C The spore mother cells of the fern
4. D The ovary of honeybee queens

In the life cycle of which of the following are spores surrounded by a thick wall formed?

1. A Hydra
2. B Amoeba
3. C Adiantum (maidenhair fern)
4. D Plasmodium

By what type of division are the gametes of the honeybee male and of the fern plant formed, respectively?

1. A Mitosis / mitosis
2. B Mitosis / meiosis
3. C Meiosis / mitosis
4. D Meiosis / meiosis

Which of the following structures in the life cycle of the fern is formed by meiosis?

1. A Spores
2. B The ovum
3. C The antherozoids (sperms)
4. D The sporophyte

In which of the following does water not take part during the life cycle of the fern?

1. A Spores of the sporophyte reaching their places of germination
2. B Germination of the spore released from the sporangia
3. C Ciliated sperms reaching the mature archegonia
4. D Making food for the gametophyte and the sporophyte

Which processes cause genetic variation in the individuals produced by the life cycle of the fern plant?

1. A Spore formation only
2. B Gamete formation only
3. C Formation of both spores and gametes
4. D Spore formation and fertilization

Which of the following can reproduce sexually although there is only one individual?

1. A Spirogyra and the gametophyte of Adiantum
2. B Spirogyra and the sporozoites of the malaria Plasmodium
3. C The gametophyte and the sporophyte of Adiantum
4. D The sporophyte of the fern and the merozoites of the malaria Plasmodium

From the two opposite figures, which choice gives the type of division that takes place in each of structures (X) and (Y) in a fern plant, and the chromosome set of each?

1. A X: mitosis, n — Y: mitosis, n
2. B X: meiosis, 2n — Y: mitosis, n
3. C X: mitosis, 2n — Y: mitosis, n
4. D X: meiosis, n — Y: meiosis, 2n

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of a fern plant. Study it, then answer:
What is the chromosome set of structure (X) and structure (Y), respectively?

1. A n / 2n
2. B n / n
3. C 2n / n
4. D 2n / 2n

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of a fern plant. Study it, then answer:
How many meiotic divisions take place during one life cycle?

1. A 1
2. B 2
3. C 3
4. D 4

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of a fern plant. Study it, then answer:
What is the difference between (1) and (2)?

1. A The type of division that leads to their formation
2. B The structures produced by the division of each of them
3. C The chromosome number
4. D The source of nutrition

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of a fern plant. Study it, then answer:
Given that (1) and (2) do not mature at the same time, what is the importance of this?

1. A Ensuring that asexual reproduction takes place
2. B Ensuring genetic variation
3. C Ensuring genetic stability
4. D Ensuring that the chromosome number stays constant

Which of the choices in the following table applies to the opposite diagram?

1. A Organism: sporophyte, division (X): mitosis, division (Y): meiosis
2. B Organism: sporophyte, division (X): mitosis, division (Y): mitosis
3. C Organism: gametophyte, division (X): mitosis, division (Y): mitosis
4. D Organism: gametophyte, division (X): meiosis, division (Y): mitosis

Which of the following graphs correctly expresses a complete life cycle of the fern, starting from the main plant?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

Which of the following differs from the other choices in the number of chromosome sets?

1. A Spores
2. B The gametophyte of the fern
3. C The sporophyte of the fern
4. D Archegonia

The opposite graph represents the chromosome sets of part of the life cycle of an organism:
Which of the following does not express the change from (1) to (2)?

1. A Gamete formation in the fern plant
2. B Reproduction by spores in the fern plant
3. C Oocyst formation in Plasmodium
4. D Formation of the gametes of the honeybee queen

The opposite graph represents the chromosome sets of part of the life cycle of an organism:
In which of the following cases can (2) not return to (1)?

1. A Fertilization
2. B Conjugation
3. C Artificial parthenogenesis
4. D Natural parthenogenesis

Study the opposite diagram, then answer:
In which of the following organisms does the opposite life cycle take place?

1. A Spirogyra
2. B Bread mould
3. C Fern plant
4. D Planaria worm

Study the opposite diagram, then answer:
In what does organism (A) resemble organism (B)?

1. A Shape
2. B Size
3. C The number of chromosomes
4. D The way of nutrition

The opposite graph represents the chromosome sets of some stages in the life cycle of an organism:
This graph expresses the life cycle of ..........

1. A Spirogyra
2. B Malaria Plasmodium in the human liver
3. C Malaria Plasmodium in human blood
4. D Amoeba

The opposite graph represents the chromosome sets of some stages in the life cycle of an organism:
Processes (A) and (B) take place in .......... conditions.

1. A unsuitable and suitable, respectively
2. B suitable and unsuitable, respectively
3. C suitable
4. D unsuitable

The opposite graph represents the chromosome sets of some stages in the life cycle of an organism:
If we suppose that number (1) refers to the gametes of the fern, what does number (4) refer to?

1. A Archegonia
2. B Antheridia
3. C Spores
4. D Sporophyte

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of a fern plant:
In which of the following stages does meiosis take place?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C D
4. D E

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of a fern plant:
In which of the following stages does mitosis take place?

1. A A, C
2. B D, E
3. C A, B, D
4. D A, B, C

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of a fern plant:
In what does structure (1) differ from structure (2)?

1. A The need for a moist environment
2. B The way of nutrition
3. C The presence of reproductive structures
4. D The type of reproduction that results from it

The opposite diagram shows the changes in the number of chromosome sets that take place in the cells of an organism:
(1) What do the letters (X), (Y), (Z) and (L) refer to?
(2) What do you expect this organism to be?

The opposite drawing shows two Spirogyra filaments (X) and (Y). What is the maximum number of new filaments produced by reproduction that will be identical in their traits to the original filaments? Explain your answer.

What is the difference between the infective stage for the female Anopheles mosquito and the infective stage for humans in the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium?

Study the two following diagrams, then answer:
(1) Which of the two cases represents alternation of generations? Explain your answer.
(2) Give one example of each of the two cases (X) and (Y) from what you have studied.

What is the difference between plant (1) and plant (2) in: the chromosome set - the degree of advancement of the body?

The opposite figure shows one of the sex organs in a fern plant. In the light of this, answer:
(1) What does this figure represent? Where is it found?
(2) What is the name of cells (X)? How many chromosome sets are in these cells?
(3) How are cells (X) formed?
(4) What is the means of pollination needed to complete fertilization? How does fertilization take place?

The opposite diagram shows the life cycle of a fern. What does each of (X) and (Y) represent?

Study the two opposite figures, then state the differences between structure (X) and structure (Y).

The opposite figure shows a Spirogyra filament isolated from a dry canal. What type of reproduction is in this filament? (Trial exam / May 2021)

1. A Asexual reproduction by mitosis
2. B The type of reproduction cannot be inferred
3. C Sexual reproduction by lateral conjugation
4. D Sexual reproduction by scalariform conjugation

What is the difference between scalariform conjugation in Spirogyra and reproduction in bony fish? (Trial exam / June 2021)

1. A Formation of the zygote
2. B The surrounding conditions
3. C The type of reproduction
4. D The number of individuals taking part in it

Study the opposite figure, which shows some stages of reproduction in two different primitive organisms, then deduce which number / numbers refer to a reduction in the number of chromosomes. (1st session 2021)

1. A (1), (4)
2. B (1) only
3. C (2), (3)
4. D (3) only

The opposite graph shows the change in the number of chromosomes in two different organisms as a result of reproduction. What is the similarity between organisms (A) and (B)? (1st session 2021)

1. A Each of them reproduces sexually
2. B Each of them reproduces asexually
3. C The parent individuals are haploid (n)
4. D The parent individuals are diploid (2n)

State the similarity between the two processes in the following figures. .......... (2nd session 2021)

1. A They take place in suitable conditions
2. B They result from mitosis
3. C They result from meiosis
4. D Both need one parent

The opposite figure shows Spirogyra filaments. What is the importance of reproduction in case (A)? (2nd session 2022)

1. A Withstanding harsh conditions
2. B Genetic variation
3. C Producing diploid individuals
4. D Producing individuals identical to the parents

If the original number of chromosome sets of the body cells of an organism is (2N), what is the number of chromosome sets of the cells of the individuals produced by its reproduction by conjugation? (1st session 2023, Sample exam 2025)

1. A 2N
2. B 4N
3. C N or 2N
4. D 2N or 4N

Which of the following activities can the cells of Spirogyra not carry out? (1st session 2024)

1. A Forming gametes
2. B Sexual reproduction
3. C Asexual reproduction
4. D Photosynthesis

Study the following table, then answer: (2nd session 2024)
Organism (A): chromosome number of body cells N, chromosome number of gametes: none, method of reproduction: sexual and asexual.
Organism (B): chromosome number of body cells N, chromosome number of gametes N, method of reproduction: sexual only.
What are the names of the two organisms referred to by the letters (A) and (B), respectively?

1. A Plasmodium / Spirogyra
2. B Spirogyra / honeybee male
3. C Starfish / Plasmodium
4. D Plasmodium / fern

How many individuals are produced at the end of the sexual mating process shown in the opposite figure? (1st session 2025)

1. A Two individuals
2. B 4 individuals
3. C 8 individuals
4. D 16 individuals

The opposite figure shows the life cycle of bread mould in unsuitable conditions. What do the numbers (1) to (4) refer to, respectively? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Conjugation / zygote formation / meiosis / mitosis
2. B Conjugation / asexual reproduction / zygote formation / mitosis
3. C Asexual reproduction / conjugation / meiosis / mitosis
4. D Mitosis / asexual reproduction / meiosis / conjugation

What distinguishes reproduction in the tilapia fish from sexual reproduction in rabbits? (Trial exam 2023, Sample exam 2025)

1. A The type of fertilization
2. B The type of division that forms the gametes
3. C The small size of the ova
4. D Variation in genetic traits

What distinguishes sexual reproduction in humans from sexual reproduction in honeybees? (2nd session 2023)

1. A The type of division that forms the female gametes
2. B The type of division that forms the male gametes
3. C The number of parents taking part in reproduction
4. D The type of division of the cell produced by fertilization

Which of the following organisms uses meiosis to produce gametes? (1st session 2024)

1. A Spirogyra
2. B Honeybee queen
3. C Plasmodium
4. D Fern

Which of the following distinguishes asexual reproduction from sexual reproduction? (2nd session 2025)

1. A It depends on meiosis to increase the number of individuals
2. B Genetic variation takes place in the individuals produced
3. C Increasing the number of individuals with a change in genetic traits
4. D Preserving the species, usually with constant genetic traits

Which of the following types of reproduction uses the most energy? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Reproduction by fusion of gametes in Plasmodium
2. B Reproduction by fusion of gametes in bees
3. C Scalariform conjugation in Spirogyra
4. D Reproduction by fusion of gametes in rabbits

How long does the malaria Plasmodium parasite need for the symptoms to appear 5 successive times in an infected person? (Trial exam / May 2021)

1. A A month
2. B 10 days
3. C 5 days
4. D Two weeks

Study the opposite diagram, which expresses the life cycle of the parasitic Bilharzia worms. What is the importance of the phenomenon expressed by the diagram? (Trial exam / June 2021)

1. A Increasing the number of individuals and genetic variation
2. B Increasing the number of individuals and the biological cost
3. C Constant genetic traits and facing unsuitable conditions
4. D Lower biological cost and no adaptation to environmental changes

Study the following figure, then deduce the similarity between the two processes shown in the figure. (1st session 2022)

1. A The method of reproduction
2. B The type of reproduction
3. C The timing of meiosis
4. D Constant genetic traits

Which of the following organisms produce their female gametes by mitosis? (Trial exam 2023)

1. A Starfish and aphid
2. B Fern and starfish
3. C Fern and the malaria parasite
4. D Honeybee queen and aphid

Study the opposite figure, which shows one type of reproduction in an organism, then state the type of reproduction shown in the figure. (1st session 2023, Sample exam 2025)

1. A Schizogony in the malaria Plasmodium
2. B Repeated binary fission in Amoeba
3. C Sporulation in bread mould
4. D Division of the sporangium of Spirogyra

Study the opposite figure, which shows the life cycle of the fern plant, then deduce:
(1) How many individuals (A) are produced from (G)? (1st session 2023)

1. A An unlimited number of individuals
2. B A number equal to the number of structure (H)
3. C One individual only
4. D A number equal to the number of structure (I)

Study the opposite figure, which shows the life cycle of the fern plant, then deduce:
(2) What is the ratio between the chromosome number of structure (A) and the chromosome number of structure (G), respectively? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A 1 : 2
2. B 2 : 1
3. C 1 : 1
4. D 2 : 3

The opposite table shows the number of mitotic and meiotic divisions during the life cycle of four different organisms (given that the aim of all the divisions is reproduction). Which letter refers to the life cycle of the fern plant? (2nd session 2023)
A: mitosis 1, meiosis 1 / B: mitosis 2, meiosis 1 / C: mitosis 3, meiosis 1 / D: mitosis 2, meiosis 2

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

What is the difference between meiosis in the life cycle of ferns and in the life cycle of the malaria Plasmodium? (1st session 2024)

1. A Reducing the number of chromosomes to half
2. B The number of nuclei produced
3. C The aim of the division
4. D Genetic variation taking place

Which generation of the life cycle of the malaria parasite repeats an unlimited number of times? (2nd session 2024)

1. A The sexual one in the mosquito's stomach
2. B The asexual one in the mosquito's stomach wall
3. C The asexual one in human liver cells
4. D The asexual one in human red blood cells

If a sporangium of a fern contains 100 spore mother cells, how many spores will this sporangium produce? (Sample exam 2025)

1. A 100
2. B 200
3. C 400
4. D 800

Study the following table, which expresses the characteristics of reproduction of organisms (X), (Y) and (Z): (Sample exam 2025)
Organism (X): fast production ✗, genetic variation ✓, withstanding harsh conditions ✗
Organism (Y): fast production ✓, genetic variation ✗, withstanding harsh conditions ✓
Organism (Z): fast production ✓, genetic variation ✓, withstanding harsh conditions ✓
What may organisms (X), (Y) and (Z) represent, respectively?

1. A Plasmodium / Spirogyra / frog
2. B Amoeba / Plasmodium / Spirogyra
3. C Frog / bread mould / fern
4. D Plasmodium / fern / Spirogyra

Which letter indicates the cell produced by the asexual reproduction of the fern plant? (2nd session 2025)

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

The formation of the zygote during reproduction by conjugation in Spirogyra differs from the formation of the zygote during reproduction in the gametophyte of ferns in .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A the method of reproduction used
2. B the chromosome set of the zygote
3. C the type of cells taking part
4. D genetic variation

State which of the two types of division, mitosis and meiosis, has a role in preserving genetic traits, and which has a role in the evolution of the organism, with explanation. (Sample exam 2026)

What are the reproductive organs used in the life cycle of ferns? What generation does each of these organs produce? (2nd session 2025)

"Meiosis takes place in the life cycles of Plasmodium and Adiantum (maidenhair fern) to achieve different aims." Explain this statement. (1st session 2025)

From your study of the life cycle of the fern plant, what type of division takes place in the cells found in the sori of the leaves and in the cells found in the gametophyte? What is its aim in each case? (Sample exam 2026)