Carboxylic Acids questions

All of the following are strong acids, except ..........

1. A HCl
2. B HNO₃
3. C H₂SO₄
4. D HCOOH

Which of the following acid solutions of equal concentration (0.01 M) has a pH of 3.37?

1. A H₂SO₄
2. B HCl
3. C CH₃COOH
4. D HNO₃

Which of the following is the functional group of organic acids?

1. A –OH
2. B –COOH (–C(=O)–OH)
3. C –CO– (–C(=O)–)
4. D –CHO (–C(=O)–H)

Which of the following are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group?

1. A Ketones.
2. B Esters.
3. C Organic acids.
4. D Alcohols.

Which of the following compounds contains a carboxyl group?

1. A Propanone.
2. B Picric acid.
3. C Propanol.
4. D Propanoic acid.

Which of the following is an organic compound in which the carboxyl group is attached directly to a C₆H₅– group?

1. A An aromatic alcohol.
2. B A phenol.
3. C An aromatic acid.
4. D An aliphatic acid.

Which of the following formulas represents an aliphatic acid?

1. A R–OH
2. B Ar–COOH
3. C Ar–CHO
4. D R–COOH

What is the general formula of saturated monobasic aliphatic carboxylic acids?

1. A CₙHₙCOOH
2. B CₙH₂ₙCOOH
3. C CₙH₂ₙ₋₁COOH
4. D CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH

Which of the following is a dibasic acid?

1. A Oxalic acid.
2. B Formic acid.
3. C Benzoic acid.
4. D Acetic acid.

The two carboxyl groups in phthalic acid are in positions ..........

1. A 1, 2
2. B 1, 3
3. C 2, 4
4. D 3, 4

Phthalic acid is considered ..........

1. A dibasic aliphatic.
2. B monobasic aromatic.
3. C dibasic aromatic.
4. D monobasic aliphatic.

A compound has the molecular formula C₇H₆O₃.
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A It contains 3 –OH groups
2. B It is an aliphatic compound.
3. C It contains two functional groups.
4. D It is catechol.

What is the number of (C = C) bonds in one molecule of the organic acid whose chemical formula is C₁₇H₂₉COOH?

1. A 1
2. B 2
3. C 3
4. D 4

The chemical formula of the acid extracted from palm oil is ..........

1. A CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH
2. B CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COOH
3. C CH₃(CH₂)₇CH = CH(CH₂)₇CH₃
4. D CH₃(CH₂)₁₀COOH

Which of the following is the common name of the compound CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH?

1. A Hexadecanoic acid.
2. B Palmitic acid.
3. C Butyric acid.
4. D Decanoic acid.

What is the alkane corresponding to the organic acid whose source is butter?

1. A Ethane.
2. B Propane.
3. C Butane.
4. D Pentane.

What is the IUPAC name of the compound H₂CCHCOOH?

1. A Propanoic acid.
2. B Phthalic acid.
3. C Propenoic acid.
4. D Butanoic acid.

What is the IUPAC name of this compound: CH₃CH(CH₃)COOH?

1. A 3-Methylpropanoic acid.
2. B 2-Methylpropanoic acid.
3. C Isobutyric acid.
4. D Butyric acid.

What is the IUPAC name of the compound: CH₃CHClCH₂COOH?

1. A 2-Chlorobutanoic acid.
2. B 3-Chlorobutanoic acid.
3. C 2-Chloro-3-propanoic acid.
4. D 2-Chloro-1-propanoic acid.

What is the IUPAC name of the carboxylic acid that has no methylene group and whose molecular formula is C₅H₁₀O₂?

1. A 2-Ethylpropanoic acid.
2. B 3,3-Dimethylpropanoic acid.
3. C 2,2-Dimethylpropanoic acid.
4. D 2-Methylbutanoic acid.

What is the IUPAC name of the opposite compound: CH₃CHCH₃CHC₆H₅CH₂COOH?

1. A 4-Methyl-3-phenylpentanoic acid.
2. B 3-Phenylhexanoic acid.
3. C 4-Methyl-3-vinylpentanoic acid.
4. D 3-Vinylhexanoic acid.

What is the number of carboxylic acid isomers with the molecular formula C₄H₈O₂?

1. A 1
2. B 2
3. C 3
4. D 4

Acetic acid can be obtained from each of the following, except ..........

1. A Oxidation of the product of catalytic hydration of ethyne.
2. B Exposing ethanol to air in the presence of vinegar bacteria.
3. C Passing H₂S(g) over a solution of lead (II) ethanoate.
4. D Treating ethene with KMnO₄ solution in an alkaline medium.

From the following scheme:
CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ → process (1) → CₙH₂ₙO → process (2) → CₙH₂ₙO₂
Which of the following is correct?

1. A Process (1): catalytic hydration, CₙH₂ₙO: propanal, process (2): oxidation, CₙH₂ₙO₂: propanoic acid
2. B Process (1): oxidation, CₙH₂ₙO: propanal, process (2): reduction, CₙH₂ₙO₂: propanoic acid
3. C Process (1): catalytic hydration, CₙH₂ₙO: ethanal, process (2): oxidation, CₙH₂ₙO₂: ethanoic acid
4. D Process (1): oxidation, CₙH₂ₙO: ethanal, process (2): reduction, CₙH₂ₙO₂: ethanoic acid

From the following scheme:
CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OH (1) → oxidation → (2) → oxidation → (3)
Which of the following gives the functional group of compound (1), the functional group of compound (2) and the IUPAC name of compound (3)?

1. A (1): –CH₂OH, (2): carbonyl, (3): 2-methylbutanal
2. B (1): >CHOH, (2): formyl, (3): 2-methylbutanoic acid
3. C (1): >CHOH, (2): carboxyl, (3): 3-methylbutanal
4. D (1): –CH₂OH, (2): formyl, (3): 3-methylbutanoic acid

All of the following describe properties of aliphatic acids, except ..........

1. A C₃H₆O₂: a colourless liquid with a pungent smell, soluble in water
2. B C₅H₁₀O₂: a colourless oily liquid with an unpleasant smell
3. C CH₂O₂: a toxic colourless gas with a pungent smell
4. D C₁₁H₂₂O₂: white solid crystals, insoluble in water

The boiling point of ethanol is lower than the boiling point of ..........

1. A propane.
2. B ethanoic acid.
3. C diethyl ether.
4. D ethene.

The molecules of each of the following compounds are linked together by hydrogen bonds, except ..........

1. A CH₃COOH
2. B C₂H₄(OH)₂
3. C CH₃CH₂OH
4. D CH₃OCH₃

The number of hydrogen bonds is the greatest between molecules of ..........

1. A ethanoic acid.
2. B diethyl ether.
3. C ethanal.
4. D ethanol.

Which organic compound forms the greatest number of hydrogen bonds between its molecules in one mole of it?

1. A CH₂OH–CH₂OH
2. B CH₂OH–CH₃
3. C COOH–COOH
4. D COOH–CH₂OH

Which of the following gives the correct order of the compounds according to the number of hydrogen bonds each molecule forms when dissolved in water?

1. A Glycerol < ethanol < sorbitol < ethanoic acid.
2. B Ethanoic acid < glycerol < ethanol < sorbitol.
3. C Ethanoic acid < sorbitol < ethanol < glycerol.
4. D Ethanol < ethanoic acid < glycerol < sorbitol.

Three hydrocarbon derivatives:
(A): is not affected by KMnO₄ solution acidified with H₂SO₄
(B): every 2 molecules of it form two hydrogen bonds between them.
(C): does not react with sodium hydroxide solution.
Which of the following represents compounds (A), (B), (C)?

1. A (A): ethylene glycol, (B): 2-methyl-2-propanol, (C): ethanoic acid
2. B (A): 2-methyl-2-propanol, (B): ethanoic acid, (C): ethylene glycol
3. C (A): ethanoic acid, (B): 2-methyl-2-propanol, (C): ethylene glycol
4. D (A): 2-methyl-2-propanol, (B): ethylene glycol, (C): ethanoic acid

Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?

1. A CH₃CH₂OH
2. B C₂H₄(OH)₂
3. C CH₃COOH
4. D CH₃OCH₃

Which of the following represents the order of boiling points?

1. A Butanol > butanal > butanoic acid.
2. B Butanoic acid > butanol > butanal.
3. C Butanol > butanoic acid > butanal.
4. D Butanoic acid > butanal > butanol.

Which of the following gives the correct order of the pOH values of the following compounds of equal concentration?

1. A CH₃COOH < H₂CO₃ < HNO₃ < H₂SO₄
2. B H₂CO₃ < CH₃COOH < H₂SO₄ < HNO₃
3. C HNO₃ < H₂SO₄ < CH₃COOH < H₂CO₃
4. D H₂CO₃ < CH₃COOH < HNO₃ < H₂SO₄

Each of the following compounds dissolves in water, except ..........

1. A Ethene.
2. B Ethanol.
3. C Glycerol.
4. D Ethanoic acid.

Which substance is the most soluble in water?

1. A C₄H₁₀
2. B C₄H₉Br
3. C C₃H₇COOH
4. D C₆H₅OH

Which of the following gives the solubility of the three compounds shown in the following table - each separately - in 100 g H₂O (at 25°C)?

1. A CH₃COOH: 100 g, C₇H₁₄: 8.2 g, C₆H₅OH: 0.003 g
2. B CH₃COOH: 100 g, C₇H₁₄: 0.003 g, C₆H₅OH: 8.2 g
3. C CH₃COOH: 8.2 g, C₇H₁₄: 0.003 g, C₆H₅OH: 100 g
4. D CH₃COOH: 0.003 g, C₇H₁₄: 8.2 g, C₆H₅OH: 100 g

What is the similarity between butane and butanoic acid?

1. A When 1 mol of each of them burns completely, the same number of moles of H₂O is produced
2. B They are used as monomers in condensation polymerization.
3. C They have the same effect on litmus indicator.
4. D When 1 mol of each of them burns completely, the same number of moles of CO₂ is produced

The opposite figure shows the structural formula of an organic compound.
All of the following are correct for this compound, except that it ..........

1. A decolourizes bromine water.
2. B is a dibasic acid.
3. C takes part in addition polymerization reactions.
4. D its aqueous solution reacts with copper.

Which of the following compounds becomes more soluble in water when NaOH is added to it?

1. A An aromatic hydrocarbon.
2. B An alkane.
3. C A carboxylic acid.
4. D An ether.

1 mol of hydrogen gas is produced when excess sodium reacts with 1 mol of ..........

1. A CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
2. B (CH₃)₃COH
3. C CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH
4. D CH₃CH(OH)COOH

A gas is given off when sodium reacts with each compound of the following pairs separately, except ..........

1. A Picric acid and benzoic acid.
2. B Oxalic acid and ethanol.
3. C Butanoic acid and phenol.
4. D Carbolic acid and ethanal.

What is the number of moles of hydrogen gas given off when excess sodium metal is added to one mole of the opposite compound?

1. A 1 mol
2. B 2 mol
3. C 3 mol
4. D 4 mol

What is the number of moles of sodium hydroxide that can react with one mole of the opposite compound?

1. A 2 mol
2. B 3 mol
3. C 4 mol
4. D 6 mol

The opposite figure shows the structural formula of an organic compound.
What is the structural formula of the compound produced when 1 mol of the opposite compound reacts with excess sodium hydroxide solution?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

Which of the following compounds reacts with both dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sodium hydroxide solution?

1. A 2-Propanol.
2. B Pyrogallol.
3. C 3-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
4. D Chloropropane.

The opposite figure represents the structural formula of an organic acid.
Which of the following represents the possible products of the reaction of this acid with potassium hydroxide?

1. A C₄H₅O₆K ✗, C₄H₄O₆K₂ ✓, C₄H₃O₆K₃ ✗, C₄H₂O₆K₄ ✗
2. B C₄H₅O₆K ✓, C₄H₄O₆K₂ ✓, C₄H₃O₆K₃ ✗, C₄H₂O₆K₄ ✗
3. C C₄H₅O₆K ✗, C₄H₄O₆K₂ ✗, C₄H₃O₆K₃ ✓, C₄H₂O₆K₄ ✓
4. D C₄H₅O₆K ✓, C₄H₄O₆K₂ ✓, C₄H₃O₆K₃ ✓, C₄H₂O₆K₄ ✓

From the following scheme:
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (1): KOH(aq), (3): CH₃COOH, (6): CaO
2. B (2): C₂H₅OH, (4): NaOH(aq), (5): CH₃COOH
3. C (1): KOH(aq), (2): C₂H₅OH, (6): (CaO + NaOH)
4. D (3): CH₃COOH, (4): NaOH(aq), (5): CH₃ONa

Ethanoic acid is converted into methyl chloride by the sequence of processes ..........

1. A neutralization → dry distillation → addition.
2. B reduction → hydrogenation → dry distillation.
3. C neutralization → dry distillation → substitution.
4. D esterification → hydrolysis → neutralization.

The opposite table compares three different organic compounds.
Reaction with Na: (X) ✓, (Y) ✓, (Z) ✓
Reaction with Na₂CO₃: (X) ✓, (Y) ✗, (Z) ✗
Reaction with HCl: (X) ✗, (Y) ✓, (Z) ✗
Which of the following gives the type of each of these compounds?

1. A (X): alcohol, (Y): phenol, (Z): carboxylic acid.
2. B (X): phenol, (Y): carboxylic acid, (Z): alcohol.
3. C (X): carboxylic acid, (Y): phenol, (Z): alcohol.
4. D (X): carboxylic acid, (Y): alcohol, (Z): phenol.

The substances (1) to (4) shown in the following scheme are arranged in ascending order of their boiling points:
Which of the following is correct?

1. A Compounds (1), (4) form hydrogen bonds with water.
2. B Compounds (2), (3) react by addition.
3. C Compounds (1), (3) exist in the gaseous state (at 25°C).
4. D Compounds (2), (4) react by substitution.

From the following scheme:
When the reactions are balanced, the ratio between the volume of gas (X) and the total volume of CO₂ gas produced (at STP) is ..........

1. A 1/1
2. B 2/1
3. C 1/2
4. D 2/3

All the reactions of acetic acid that show its acidic property have in common ..........

1. A the evolution of hydrogen gas.
2. B the formation of water.
3. C the formation of the acid's salt.
4. D the evolution of carbon dioxide gas.

Magnesium acetate solution is formed when acetic acid reacts with each of the following, except ..........

1. A magnesium.
2. B magnesium hydroxide.
3. C magnesium bicarbonate.
4. D magnesium sulphate.

Ethanol and ethanoic acid have in common ..........

1. A the molar mass.
2. B the reaction with sodium bicarbonate.
3. C the number of hydrogen atoms.
4. D the reaction with sodium.

1 mol of the opposite compound reacts with 3 mol of ..........

1. A potassium.
2. B sodium carbonate.
3. C sodium bicarbonate.
4. D potassium hydroxide.

The compound that reacts with calcium carbonate forming the compound (C₃H₇COO)₂Ca is ..........

1. A propanol.
2. B butanol.
3. C butanoic acid.
4. D hexanoic acid.

Two compounds (X), (Y) have the following structural formulas:
Which reagent can be used to distinguish between them?

1. A Copper metal.
2. B Chlorine gas in the presence of ultraviolet rays.
3. C Sodium bicarbonate solution.
4. D Potassium metal.

CH₃CH(OH)COOH can be converted into CH₃CH(OH)COONa by using excess ..........

1. A Na or Na₂CO₃ only.
2. B Na₂CO₃ or NaOH only.
3. C Na or NaOH only.
4. D Na or Na₂CO₃ or NaOH

What is the structural formula of the ester produced from the reaction of methanol with butanoic acid?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

Each of the following describes the opposite acid, except ..........
HOOC–CH=CH–COOH
[H = 1 , C = 12 , O = 16]

1. A It decolourizes bromine water.
2. B Its molar mass is 116 g/mol
3. C It reacts with sodium carbonate.
4. D 1 mol of it reacts completely with only 1 mol of ethanol.

Which of the following describes ethanoic acid and hydrochloric acid of the same concentration?

1. A They have the same pH value ✗, both react with carbonate salts ✓, both react with ethanol ✗
2. B They have the same pH value ✓, both react with carbonate salts ✗, both react with ethanol ✓
3. C They have the same pH value ✓, both react with carbonate salts ✓, both react with ethanol ✗
4. D They have the same pH value ✗, both react with carbonate salts ✓, both react with ethanol ✓

The ester shown in the opposite figure is produced from the reaction of ..........
CH₃CH₂CH₂–COO–CH₂CH₂CH₃

1. A 1-butanol with butanoic acid.
2. B 1-butanol with propanoic acid.
3. C 1-propanol with butanoic acid.
4. D 1-propanol with propanoic acid.

The following scheme represents different chemical processes:
What are the processes represented by the letters (W), (X), (Y), (Z)?

1. A (W): reduction, (X): oxidation, (Y): esterification, (Z): esterification
2. B (W): alcoholic fermentation, (X): oxidation, (Y): esterification, (Z): neutralization
3. C (W): alcoholic fermentation, (X): oxidation, (Y): reduction, (Z): esterification
4. D (W): oxidation, (X): reduction, (Y): neutralization, (Z): esterification

Which of the following compounds oxidizes H₂ gas to H₂O under suitable reaction conditions?

1. A CH₃CHO
2. B C₂H₅COOH
3. C CH₃COCH₃
4. D C₂H₅OH

Which of the following compounds can be reduced to an aldehyde under suitable conditions?

1. A Butanone.
2. B 1-Butanol.
3. C Butanoic acid.
4. D 2-Butanol.

The acid C₁₈H₃₂O₂ is one of the unsaturated monobasic acids found in sunflower oil.
What is the number of moles of hydrogen needed to convert 3 mol of this acid into a saturated acid?

1. A 3 mol
2. B 6 mol
3. C 9 mol
4. D 18 mol

From the opposite scheme:
Each of the following is correct, except ..........

1. A (A): reacts with HCl, (B): a white solid, (C): does not react with active metals
2. B (A): can be prepared by a biological method, (B): is hydrolysed forming (A), (C): follows the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O
3. C (A): dissolves in water, (B): an ionic compound, (C): an isomer of the compound (CH₃)₃COH
4. D (A): reacts with NaOH, (B): its solution is alkaline, (C): its boiling point is -29.5°C

The organic compound that can be detected by sodium bicarbonate can also be detected by testing with ..........

1. A phenolphthalein.
2. B bromine water.
3. C ethanol.
4. D sodium chloride solution.

The following compounds are used to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid, except ..........

1. A Acidified potassium permanganate solution.
2. B Phenolphthalein.
3. C Sodium bicarbonate solution.
4. D Litmus indicator.

1-Propanol and 2-propanol can be distinguished by ..........

1. A adding NaOH to each of them, then hydrolysis.
2. B adding Na to each of them, then esterification.
3. C adding hot chromic acid to each of them, then Na₂CO₃
4. D adding acidified potassium permanganate solution to each of them, then HCl

The most stable vanadium oxide is used in the oxidation of ..........

1. A benzene to benzoic acid.
2. B ethanol to ethanoic acid.
3. C toluene to benzoic acid.
4. D isopropanol to acetone.

The catalyst used in making superconducting magnets is used as a(n) ..........

1. A reducing agent in the reaction of acetic acid with hydrogen.
2. B dehydrating agent in converting ethanol into ethene.
3. C catalyst in converting toluene into benzoic acid.
4. D catalyst in the reaction of phenol with hydrochloric acid.

Benzoic acid can be obtained from benzene by ..........

1. A alkylation, then oxidation.
2. B nitration, then sulphonation.
3. C chlorination, then sulphonation.
4. D reduction, then catalytic reforming.

Compound (X) is used in making one type of network (thermosetting) plastic.
What is the correct order of the processes used to convert compound (X) into an organic compound with the molecular formula C₇H₆O₂?

1. A Oxidation - alkylation - reduction.
2. B Reduction - alkylation - oxidation.
3. C Reduction - oxidation - alkylation.
4. D Oxidation - reduction - alkylation.

The following statements may describe toluene:
(1): When an H atom in the (C₆H₅–) group is replaced by a Cl atom, the resulting molecular formula has 3 isomers.
(2): It can be nitrated forming an explosive substance.
(3): It can be oxidized forming benzoic acid.
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (1) ✓, (2) ✓, (3) ✗
2. B (1) ✗, (2) ✓, (3) ✓
3. C (1) ✗, (2) ✗, (3) ✓
4. D (1) ✓, (2) ✓, (3) ✓

Phenol is more acidic than ..........

1. A CH₃COOH
2. B C₆H₅COOH
3. C C₂H₅OH
4. D HCl

Which of the following compounds is the most acidic?

1. A C₂H₅OH
2. B C₆H₅OH
3. C CH₃COOH
4. D C₆H₅COOH

Given the Ka values of the following acids (at 25°C):
C₆H₅COOH: 6.5 × 10⁻⁵, C₂H₂O₄: 5.9 × 10⁻², CH₃COOH: 1.8 × 10⁻⁵, HCOOH: 1.8 × 10⁻⁴
What is the correct order of the strength of these acids?

1. A Benzoic acid < acetic acid < formic acid < oxalic acid.
2. B Acetic acid < benzoic acid < formic acid < oxalic acid.
3. C Benzoic acid < oxalic acid < formic acid < acetic acid.
4. D Acetic acid < formic acid < oxalic acid < benzoic acid.

The opposite structural formula is of one of the acids in the flavour of cinnamon oil.
Which of the following represents the substances that can react with this acid?

1. A CH₃CH₃ in the presence of a catalyst ✓, Br₂(l) + CCl₄ ✓, CH₃OH in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄ ✓
2. B CH₃CH₃ in the presence of a catalyst ✓, Br₂(l) + CCl₄ ✗, CH₃OH in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄ ✓
3. C CH₃CH₃ in the presence of a catalyst ✗, Br₂(l) + CCl₄ ✓, CH₃OH in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄ ✓
4. D CH₃CH₃ in the presence of a catalyst ✗, Br₂(l) + CCl₄ ✓, CH₃OH in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄ ✗

The following equations are correct, except ..........

1. A C₆H₅COOH + NaOH → C₆H₅COONa + H₂O
2. B C₆H₅OH + NaOH → C₆H₅ONa + H₂O
3. C 2C₆H₅COOH + CaCO₃ → (C₆H₅COO)₂Ca + CO₂ + H₂O
4. D 2C₆H₅OH + Na₂CO₃ → 2C₆H₅ONa + CO₂ + H₂O

(X) reacts with (Y) of the carboxyl group of benzoic acid to form compound (Z).
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (X): NaCl, (Y): –H, (Z): sodium benzoate.
2. B (X): NaOH + CaO, (Y): –OH, (Z): benzene.
3. C (X): HCl, (Y): –OH, (Z): benzene.
4. D (X): NaHCO₃, (Y): –H, (Z): sodium benzoate.

The opposite table shows the Ka values of ethanol, phenol and benzoic acid «not in order».
(1): 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰, (2): 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁶, (3): 6.5 × 10⁻⁵
Which of the following is correct for the two compounds?

1. A (1), (3) react with sodium bicarbonate.
2. B (1), (2) react with sodium hydroxide.
3. C (2), (3) react with sodium.
4. D (1), (2) react with hydrochloric acid.

From the opposite structural formula:
Which of the following describes the properties of this compound?

1. A One mole of it reacts with 5 mol of hydrogen to become a saturated acid.
2. B It reacts with bromine dissolved in CCl₄
3. C It reacts with acetic acid forming an ester.
4. D One mole of it reacts with 8 mol of hydrogen atoms to become a saturated alcohol.

What is the final product of the reaction of salicylic acid with excess sodium hydroxide?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

The opposite figure represents the structural formula of an organic compound.
All of the following are correct for this compound, except that it ..........

1. A reacts with Mg forming H₂ gas
2. B reacts with Na₂CO₃ forming CO₂ gas
3. C reacts with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.
4. D reacts with 1-propanol forming a salt and water.

The following table gives the molecular formulas of four organic compounds.
(W): C₆H₅Cl, (X): C₆H₆O, (Y): C₇H₆O₂, (Z): C₆H₆O₂
Which compounds react with sodium hydroxide under suitable conditions?

1. A (W) ✓, (X) ✗, (Y) ✓, (Z) ✗
2. B (W) ✗, (X) ✓, (Y) ✗, (Z) ✓
3. C (W) ✗, (X) ✗, (Y) ✓, (Z) ✓
4. D (W) ✓, (X) ✓, (Y) ✓, (Z) ✓

The following scheme shows the steps of converting benzene into meta-bromobenzoic acid:
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (1): CH₃Cl / AlCl₃, (2): C₆H₅Cl
2. B (2): C₆H₅CH₃, (3): conc. H₂SO₄
3. C (3): O₂, (4): C₆H₅COOH
4. D (4): C₆H₅COOH, (5): HBr

Which of the following represents the steps of converting benzene into meta-chlorobenzoic acid?

1. A Substitution → chlorination → oxidation.
2. B Alkylation → oxidation → addition.
3. C Alkylation → oxidation → substitution.
4. D Substitution → alkylation → chlorination.

Preparing benzene from toluene involves the processes ..........

1. A neutralization → oxidation → dry distillation.
2. B oxidation → neutralization → dry distillation.
3. C dry distillation → neutralization → oxidation.
4. D oxidation → dry distillation → neutralization.

Converting heptane into aromatic benzene goes through four successive chemical processes.
Which of the following is correct?

1. A Process (1): catalytic thermal cracking, products of process (2): toluene, inorganic reactant in process (3): sodium, process (4): fractional distillation
2. B Process (1): fractional distillation, products of process (2): toluene, inorganic reactant in process (3): sodium, process (4): catalytic thermal cracking
3. C Process (1): catalytic reforming, products of process (2): monobasic acid + water, inorganic reactant in process (3): sodium hydroxide, process (4): dry distillation
4. D Process (1): catalytic reforming, products of process (2): dibasic acid + water, inorganic reactant in process (3): sodium hydroxide, process (4): dry distillation

From the following scheme:
The substances (A), (B) are ..........

1. A (A): conc. H₂SO₄, (B): an ester.
2. B (A): conc. H₂SO₄, (B): an ether.
3. C (A): dry HCl, (B): an ester.
4. D (A): dry HCl, (B): an ether.

From the following scheme:
What is the product of the reaction of the two organic compounds (C), (E)?

1. A An aliphatic ether and hydrogen.
2. B An aromatic ether and hydrogen.
3. C An aliphatic ester and water.
4. D An aromatic ester and water.

Carbolic acid and benzoic acid can be distinguished by using ..........

1. A NaOH
2. B NaHCO₃
3. C HCl
4. D K

Ant stings inject the body with .......... acid.

1. A formic
2. B acetic
3. C carbonic
4. D hydrochloric

Each of the following describes the pure organic compound that freezes at 16°C, except ..........

1. A It is used in preparing artificial silk.
2. B The product of its complete reduction is a secondary alcohol.
3. C It reacts with sodium hydroxide.
4. D It is the second member of a homologous series.

Benzoic acid is an aromatic acid; its melting point is 122°C and its boiling point is 249°C
Which of the following represents one of the physical properties of benzoic acid?

1. A A liquid sparingly soluble in water.
2. B A solid that dissolves with difficulty in water.
3. C A solid that dissolves quickly in water.
4. D A liquid easily absorbed by the body.

What is the order of the chemical processes carried out on a saturated hydrocarbon whose atoms are linked by 22 sigma bonds in the molecule, to prepare a salt that prevents the growth of fungi on food?

1. A Substitution - catalytic reforming - neutralization.
2. B Catalytic reforming - oxidation - neutralization.
3. C Substitution - reaction with NaOH - oxidation.
4. D Catalytic reforming - substitution - oxidation.

What is the maximum number of moles of sodium hydroxide needed to react with one mole of citric acid?

1. A 1 mol
2. B 2 mol
3. C 3 mol
4. D 4 mol

Which of the following describes the properties of the opposite compound?
HOOCCH₂C(OH)COOHCH₂COOH

1. A It dissolves in acetone and does not dissolve in water.
2. B The pH value of its solution is less than (7).
3. C One mole of it is neutralized by one mole of Na₂CO₃
4. D One mole of it reacts with 4 mol of NaOH

The opposite structural formula represents one of the hydrocarbon derivatives.
Each of the following describes 1 mol of this compound, except ..........

1. A It reacts with 4 mol of NaOH
2. B It dissolves in water.
3. C It is tribasic.
4. D It is found in lemons and oranges.

What is the importance of adding the compound C₆H₈O₇ to preserved foods, and what is the number of moles of NaOH needed to titrate a solution containing 19.2 g of it?
[C₆H₈O₇ = 192 g/mol]

1. A Keeping their colour and lowering their pH value / 0.3 mol
2. B Keeping their taste and raising their pH value / 0.4 mol
3. C Preventing the growth of bacteria and lowering their pOH value / 0.3 mol
4. D Preventing the growth of bacteria and raising their pOH value / 0.4 mol

Two experiments were carried out separately, each using 1 mol of citric acid, where in each experiment the following was added to it:
In experiment (1): excess of the primary reagent of the S₂O₃²⁻ anion in the presence of a suitable catalyst.
In experiment (2): excess of the confirmatory reagent of the Al³⁺ cation.
What is the number of moles of H₂O produced in the two experiments, respectively?

1. A Experiment (1): 1 mol, experiment (2): 4 mol
2. B Experiment (1): 1 mol, experiment (2): 3 mol
3. C Experiment (1): zero, experiment (2): 3 mol
4. D Experiment (1): zero, experiment (2): 4 mol

The percentage of carbon in lactic acid is calculated from the relation ..........
[C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16]

1. A (36 / 90) × 100%
2. B (24 / 60) × 100%
3. C (48 / 90) × 100%
4. D (72 / 192) × 100%

Which acid reacts with both dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution?

1. A Picric acid.
2. B Pentanoic acid.
3. C Lactic acid.
4. D Carbolic acid.

What is the number of moles of NaOH needed to react with 2 mol of the acid produced in the body as a result of strenuous effort?

1. A 1 mol
2. B 2 mol
3. C 4 mol
4. D 6 mol

Salicylic acid is similar to lactic acid in each of the following, except ..........

1. A the reaction with potassium.
2. B reduction under suitable conditions.
3. C the reaction with potassium bicarbonate.
4. D esterification in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄

Salicylic acid and lactic acid are both ..........

1. A aliphatic acids.
2. B aromatic acids.
3. C contain the same number of oxygen atoms.
4. D of the same homologous series.

Three organic compounds:
(A): its deficiency in the body causes swelling of the joints and bleeding of the gums.
(B): preparations made from it are used to remove skin warts.
(C): is used as a raw material in preparing artificial silk.
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (A): found in green pepper, (B): reacts as an acid or a phenol, (C): is reduced to a primary alcohol
2. B (A): found in green pepper, (B): reacts as an acid or a phenol, (C): is reduced to a secondary alcohol
3. C (A): reacts with NaOH, (B): reacts with Na₂CO₃, (C): does not react with Na
4. D (A): reacts with NaHCO₃, (B): does not react with Na, (C): reacts with NaHCO₃

Each of the following describes aminoethanoic acid, except that it ..........

1. A is an alpha-amino acid.
2. B reacts with bases.
3. C is known as glycine.
4. D is sparingly soluble in water.

Which of the following are natural polymers?

1. A Teflon only.
2. B Protein only.
3. C Teflon and Bakelite.
4. D Protein and Bakelite.

What are the basic units that make up protein?

1. A Amino acids.
2. B Fatty acids.
3. C Glucose.
4. D Glycerol.

What do (X), (Y) represent in the two opposite compounds?

1. A (X): –OH, (Y): –NH₂
2. B (X): –NH₂, (Y): –OH
3. C (X): –Cl, (Y): –OH
4. D (X): –OH, (Y): –CN

Write the names of the following compounds according to the IUPAC system:

Write the IUPAC name of each of the following:

Draw the structural formula of each of:
(1) para-nitrobenzoic acid.
(2) A dicarboxylic acid whose number of carbon atoms equals the number of carboxyl groups.

The organic acid (X) is sparingly soluble in water, and its sodium salt is used as a food preservative:
(1) Express the ionization constant Ka of this acid by a mathematical formula.
(2) Write the chemical equation for the dry distillation of the sodium salt of acid (X) with soda lime.

Four colourless liquids (A), (B), (C), (D) are the following compounds, not in order:
ethanol, ethanoic acid, pentane, hexene.
The experiments shown in the following table were carried out on them:
Solubility in water: (A) insoluble, (B) soluble, (C) soluble, (D) insoluble
Adding red bromine water: (A) the colour disappears, (B) no reaction, (C) no reaction, (D) no reaction
Adding sodium carbonate powder: (A) no reaction, (B) a gas is given off, (C) no reaction, (D) no reaction
Identify the liquids (A), (B), (C), (D).

Compound (B) is produced from the hydrolysis of compound (A), according to the following equation:
(1) Which homologous series does compound (A) follow?
(2) What is observed when drops of bromine water are added to compound (B)? Explain, and draw the structural formula of the compound produced.

The oxide of the transition metal (M) is used as a pigment in the ceramics industry.
Write a balanced symbolic equation in which this oxide is used in:
(1) One of the steps of preparing a mineral acid.
(2) Preparing an organic acid.

Calculate the volume of gas given off (at STP) from the reaction of 17 g of sodium bicarbonate with excess acetic acid.
[NaHCO₃ = 84 g/mol]

From the following scheme:
C₂H₅OH → 2[O], KMnO₄ / H⁺ → (X) → + NaOH → (Y)
Write the chemical formula of each of:
(1) Compound (X).
(2) The aliphatic hydrocarbon that can be obtained from compound (Y).

Solutions of the following substances have equal concentrations:
ethanol, sodium ethoxide, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid.
Arrange these substances in descending order of pH value, with explanation.

The following substances have equal concentrations:
phenol, acetic acid, ethanol, benzoic acid.
Arrange these substances in descending order of their strength as acids, with explanation.

The following substances have equal concentrations:
ethanol, diethyl ether, ethanoic acid.
Arrange these substances in ascending order of their boiling points, with explanation.

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
Given that the organic acid (A) causes muscle cramps when it increases in the body.
Which of the following gives the correct names of (D) and (E) and the name of process (C)?

1. A (D): propanol, (E): propanoic acid, (C): dry distillation.
2. B (D): ethanol, (E): ethanoic acid, (C): dehydration.
3. C (D): ethanol, (E): ethanoic acid, (C): dry distillation.
4. D (D): propanol, (E): propanoic acid, (C): dehydration.

Which of the following gives the correct order of the chemical processes needed to prepare a substance used in printing inks from the compound produced by the catalytic hydration of the simplest alkyne? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Reduction – esterification – hydrolysis in an acidic medium – thermal cracking.
2. B Oxidation – dry distillation – neutralization – passing steam.
3. C Reduction – dehydration – hydrogenation – halogenation.
4. D Oxidation – neutralization – dry distillation – thermal cracking.

The following processes were carried out on the organic substance (X) in order: (Sample exam 2026)
(complete oxidation - neutralization - dry distillation - catalytic reforming - complete hydrogenation),
and the compound in the opposite figure was one of the products.
Which of the following compounds can be substance (X)?

1. A 3,4-Dimethyl-1-heptanol.
2. B 2,3-Dimethyl-1-hexanol.
3. C 3,4-Dimethyl-1-hexanol.
4. D 3,5-Dimethyl-1-heptanol.

Which of the following choices gives the correct order of the chemical processes needed to obtain an organic substance used as a food preservative that prevents the growth of fungi? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Trimerization of acetylene – halogenation in the presence of a catalyst – alkaline hydrolysis – reduction.
2. B Catalytic reforming of hexane – alkylation – oxidation – neutralization.
3. C Reduction of phenol – alkylation – oxidation – reduction.
4. D Fractional distillation of coal tar – halogenation in the presence of a catalyst – alkaline hydrolysis – alkylation.

Which of the following gives the correct order of the processes needed to obtain the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid from the simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Halogenation – alkaline hydrolysis – complete oxidation.
2. B Strong heating and sudden cooling – polymerization – alkylation – nitration.
3. C Strong heating and sudden cooling – polymerization – alkylation – oxidation.
4. D Alkaline hydrolysis – halogenation – complete oxidation.

Three hydrocarbon derivatives: (Sample exam 2026)
The first compound: reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid and does not react with sodium hydroxide solution.
The second compound: reacts with both the first compound and sodium hydroxide solution under suitable conditions.
The third compound: reacts with sodium hydroxide solution and does not react with hydrochloric acid.
Each of the following is correct, except ..........

1. A The general formula of the first compound: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O
2. B The general formula of the second compound: CₙH₂ₙO₂
3. C Iron (III) chloride is used to detect the third compound.
4. D The third compound is prepared by oxidation of the first compound.

(A) and (B) are two organic compounds; the molecular formula of the alcohol (A) is C₂H₆O and of compound (B) is C₇H₆O₃, (Sample exam 2026)
Compounds (A), (B) have in common that both ..........

1. A are used in medical fields.
2. B react with sodium hydroxide.
3. C are used in making Dacron fibres.
4. D react with hydrochloric acid.

All the following substances decolourize potassium permanganate solution in an acidic medium, except .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Hydroxycyclohexane.
2. B Isobutyl alcohol.
3. C 2-Bromo-2-propanol.
4. D 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.

Which of the following represents the processes needed to obtain the simplest hydrocarbon from the simplest alkyne? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Catalytic hydration – complete oxidation – reduction – dry distillation.
2. B Catalytic hydration – reduction – complete oxidation – dry distillation.
3. C Oxidation (Baeyer) – complete oxidation – neutralization – dry distillation.
4. D Catalytic hydration – complete oxidation – neutralization – dry distillation.

The following scheme shows the steps that the organic compound (A) goes through to obtain the organic compound (E): (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following represents the substances (A), (C), (E)?

1. A (A): sodium butanoate, (C): 2-chloropropane, (E): propanal
2. B (A): sodium pentanoate, (C): 1-chlorobutane, (E): butanoic acid
3. C (A): sodium butanoate, (C): 1-chloropropane, (E): propanone
4. D (A): sodium pentanoate, (C): 2-chlorobutane, (E): butanoic acid

From the following schemes: (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following represents the chemical processes (X) and (Y)?

1. A Process (X): acid hydrolysis, process (Y): alkaline hydrolysis.
2. B Process (X): complete oxidation, process (Y): catalytic reforming.
3. C Process (X): partial oxidation, process (Y): ester formation.
4. D Process (X): alkaline hydrolysis, process (Y): acid hydrolysis.

Three organic acids: (Sample exam 2026)
(A): contains an alcoholic group that can be oxidized.
(B): contains an alcoholic group that cannot be oxidized.
(C): does not contain any alcoholic groups.
Which of the following represents the compounds (A), (B), (C)?

1. A (A): C₃H₆O₃, (B): C₆H₈O₇, (C): C₆H₆O
2. B (A): C₆H₈O₇, (B): C₆H₆O, (C): C₆H₃O₇N₃
3. C (A): C₆H₆O, (B): C₆H₈O₇, (C): C₃H₆O₃
4. D (A): C₃H₆O₃, (B): C₇H₆O₃, (C): C₆H₆O

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
(A) → reduction → (B) → dehydration → (C) → oxidation → (D)
Given that (C) is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon,
which of the following is correct for the compounds (A), (B), (C), (D)?

1. A (A): propanoic acid, (B): propanol, (C): propene.
2. B (A): ethyl alcohol, (B): acetaldehyde, (D): acetic acid.
3. C (A): propanoic acid, (C): propyne, (D): propanol.
4. D (A): ethyl alcohol, (B): acetic acid, (D): acetaldehyde.

Which of the following represents a method for preparing 2-methylpropane? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Neutralization of 2-methylpropanoic acid, then dry distillation.
2. B Dehydration of 1-propanol, then hydrogenation.
3. C Neutralization of 3-methylbutanoic acid, then dry distillation.
4. D Dehydration of 1-butanol, then hydrogenation.

Which of the following gives the correct order of the processes needed to obtain aromatic benzene from a compound with the formula C₆H₁₃COOH? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Reduction – dehydration – oxidation.
2. B Neutralization – dry distillation – hydrogenation.
3. C Reduction – dehydration – catalytic reforming.
4. D Neutralization – dry distillation – catalytic reforming.

Which of the following is a use of the product of the complete oxidation of the opposite compound? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Preparing Dacron fabric.
2. B Preparing medical drugs.
3. C Preparing Bakelite.
4. D Preparing explosives.

(X), (Y) are organic carboxylic acids: (Sample exam 2026)
(X): an aromatic acid, one mole of which reacts with 2 mol of caustic soda.
(Y): an aliphatic acid, one mole of which reacts with 3 mol of caustic soda, then 1 mol of sodium.
Which of the following represents acid (X) or (Y)?

1. A (Y): lactic acid, secreted by the body during effort.
2. B (Y): citric acid, used to preserve frozen fruits.
3. C (X): terephthalic acid, used in making artificial silk.
4. D (X): salicylic acid, used in making Dacron fibres.

(A) and (B) are organic acids: (Sample exam 2026)
(A): does not respond to the acidity test.
(B): is used in preparing a compound used to treat headaches.
Which of the following represents the two acids (A) and (B)?

1. A (A) is acetic acid, while (B) is salicylic acid.
2. B (A) is an acid not reduced by hydrogen and copper (II) chromite, while (B) is salicylic acid.
3. C (A) is acetic acid, while (B) is benzoic acid.
4. D (A) is carbolic acid, while (B) is an acid that can be prepared by oxidation of para-methyltoluene.

Two organic compounds (X), (Y): (Sample exam 2026)
(X): an aliphatic compound that is oxidized to a compound used in producing polyester.
(Y): an aromatic compound whose sodium salt is used to prevent the growth of fungi.
Which of the following statements is correct?

1. A Compound (X) follows the formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O₂ and does not contain a carboxyl group.
2. B Compound (Y) does not follow the formula CₙH₂ₙO₂ and contains a carboxyl group.
3. C Compound (X) follows the formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O₂ and contains a carboxyl group.
4. D Compound (Y) follows the formula CₙH₂ₙO₂ and contains a carboxyl group.

An organic compound has the molecular formula C₅H₁₀O₂ and has a functional group made of two groups. (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following can be the IUPAC name of this compound?

1. A 2,2-Dimethylbutanoic acid.
2. B Methyl butanoate.
3. C Ethyl propanoate.
4. D 2,2-Dimethylpropanoic acid.

Which of the following is the IUPAC name of the compound shown? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A 3,6-Dinitrobenzoic acid.
2. B 2,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid.
3. C Ortho and meta-dinitrobenzoic acid.
4. D 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid.

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
C₂H₄ → (KMnO₄ in an alkaline medium) → X → (KMnO₄ in an acidic medium) → Y
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (X): used in making insecticides, (Y): a dibasic acid.
2. B (X): used in car radiators, (Y): decolourizes acidified KMnO₄.
3. C (X): used in making polymers, (Y): is C₂H₂O₄
4. D (X): used in treating burns, (Y): is C₂H₂O₄

By carrying out the following reactions in order on an organic acid (with a pungent smell, freezing point 16°C): (Sample exam 2026)
(neutralization - dry distillation - heating then rapid cooling - trimerization)
Which of the following represents the final product of these processes?

1. A A branched aromatic hydrocarbon.
2. B An unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon.
3. C An unbranched aromatic hydrocarbon.
4. D A saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon.

Which of the following represents the correct order of the processes needed to obtain the compound with the formula C₆H₅COOH from a compound with the formula C₇H₁₅COOH? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Catalytic reforming – dry distillation – oxidation – neutralization.
2. B Neutralization – dry distillation – oxidation – catalytic reforming.
3. C Catalytic thermal cracking – catalytic reforming – neutralization.
4. D Neutralization – dry distillation – catalytic reforming – oxidation.

Three organic compounds: (Sample exam 2026)
(A): an aliphatic organic compound with the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O₂
(B): an aromatic acid containing two different functional groups.
(C): a liquid organic compound used in making artificial ghee and the basis for making a compound with the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O₃
Which of the following is correct for compounds (A), (B), (C)?

1. A Compound (A) causes effervescence when sodium bicarbonate is added to it.
2. B Compound (B) changes the colour of potassium dichromate from orange to green.
3. C Compound (C) decolourizes potassium permanganate in an alkaline medium.
4. D Compound (A) gives a violet colour with iron (III) chloride solution.

Compounds (A, B) are hydrocarbon derivatives, where: (Sample exam 2026)
(A): is produced by chlorinating the compound produced from the dry distillation of sodium acetate, replacing three hydrogen atoms.
(B): is produced by removing water from 2-chloroethanol at 180°C
Which of the following represents (A) or (B)?

1. A (A): an alkane derivative used in dry cleaning.
2. B (B): an alkane derivative used as a raw material in making floor insulators.
3. C (A): an alkene derivative that was used as an anaesthetic.
4. D (B): an alkene derivative used as a raw material in making water hoses.

Three organic compounds (A, B, C): (Sample exam 2026)
(A): C₂H₄O, (B): C₂H₆O, (C): C₂H₄
Which of the following is correct?

1. A Oxidation of each of (A), (C) gives an acid used in making dyes.
2. B Oxidation of each of (A), (B) gives an acid used in making insecticides.
3. C (B) is not oxidized and is produced from the reduction of (A).
4. D Reduction of (A) and oxidation of (C) give the same product.

The following table gives the molecular formulas of three organic compounds: (Sample exam 2026)
(A): C₃H₈O₃, (B): C₃H₈O₂, (C): C₂H₄O₂
Which of the following gives the correct order of compounds (A, B, C) by boiling point?

1. A C > B > A
2. B A > C > B
3. C B > A > C
4. D A > B > C

(X, Y) are carboxylic acids with the following molecular formulas: (Sample exam 2026)
Acid (X): C₇H₆O₃, acid (Y): C₃H₆O₃
Which of the following gives the number of moles of each substance in the table needed when it reacts with one mole of (X, Y) separately?

1. A NaOH with (X): 1, NaOH with (Y): 1, Na with (X): 1, Na with (Y): 1
2. B NaOH with (X): 2, NaOH with (Y): 1, Na with (X): 2, Na with (Y): 2
3. C NaOH with (X): 1, NaOH with (Y): 2, Na with (X): 2, Na with (Y): 2
4. D NaOH with (X): 2, NaOH with (Y): 2, Na with (X): 2, Na with (Y): 2

From the following reactions: (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following represents the two compounds (X, Z)?

1. A (X): a hydrocarbon used as a safe anaesthetic.
2. B (Z): an acid used to preserve fruits and vegetables.
3. C (X): a hydrocarbon derivative used as a safe anaesthetic.
4. D (Z): an alcohol used in insecticides.

From the opposite scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following represents the product of chlorinating compound (X) in the presence of FeCl₃?

1. A Meta-chloroethylbenzene only.
2. B Para-chloroethylbenzene only.
3. C A mixture of ortho- and para-chloroethylbenzene.
4. D A mixture of ortho- and para-chloromethylbenzene.

When excess NaOH solution is added to dicarboxylic acids (X, Y): (Sample exam 2026)
In the case of acid (X), a salt with the formula NaOOC–COONa is formed
In the case of acid (Y), a salt with the formula C₆H₄(COONa)₂ is formed
Which of the following represents the two acids (X, Y)?

1. A (X): oxalic acid, (Y): phthalic acid.
2. B (X): oxalic acid, (Y): benzoic acid.
3. C (X): phthalic acid, (Y): ethanoic acid.
4. D (X): oxalic acid, (Y): salicylic acid.

Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC name of the compound in the opposite figure? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A 2,3-Diethyl-2-methylpropanoic acid.
2. B 2-Methyl-2-ethylpentanoic acid.
3. C 2-Methyl-2-propylpropanoic acid.
4. D 2-Ethyl-2-methylpentanoic acid.

(M) is an organic compound that can be obtained by the following steps in order: (Sample exam 2026)
(1): neutralizing acid (X) with caustic soda, then strongly heating the product in the presence of soda lime to prepare gas (Y).
(2): chlorinating gas (Y) at (400°C) to obtain (Z).
(3): reacting (Z) with the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon to obtain (W).
(4): oxidizing (W) in the presence of V₂O₅ to obtain (M).
Which of the following represents the organic compounds (X, Y, Z, W, M)?

1. A (X) propanoic acid, (Y) ethane, (Z) chloroethane, (W) ethylbenzene, (M) benzoic acid
2. B (X) acetic acid, (Y) methane, (Z) chloromethane, (W) toluene, (M) benzaldehyde
3. C (X) acetic acid, (Y) methane, (Z) chloromethane, (W) toluene, (M) benzoic acid
4. D (X) acetic acid, (Y) methane, (Z) dichloromethane, (W) phenol, (M) salicylic acid

Which of the following gives the number of isomers of the formula C₄H₈O₂ that can be reduced to compounds with the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A 3
2. B 2
3. C 6
4. D 5

Acid (A): aromatic, used in making aspirin and produced by oxidizing substance (X). (Sample exam 2026)
Acid (B): aliphatic, used in making plastics and produced by oxidizing substance (Y).
Which of the following represents substances (X) and (Y)?

1. A (X): ethanol, (Y): toluene.
2. B (X): salicylic acid, (Y): formic acid.
3. C (X): para-methylphenol, (Y): ethanol.
4. D (X): ortho-methylphenol, (Y): methanol.

(A, B, C) are three organic compounds: (Sample exam 2026)
(A): an aliphatic hydroxy acid that is oxidized to an acid containing a carboxyl group and a ketone group.
(B): an aliphatic hydroxy acid that does not decolourize acidified potassium permanganate.
(C): an aromatic hydroxy acid that can be detected by iron (III) chloride solution.
Which of the following gives the correct molecular formulas of the three compounds (A, B, C)?

1. A (A): C₃H₆O₃, (B): C₆H₈O₇, (C): C₇H₆O₃
2. B (A): C₂H₄O₂, (B): C₃H₆O₃, (C): C₆H₆O
3. C (A): C₃H₆O₃, (B): C₂H₂O₄, (C): C₇H₆O₂
4. D (A): C₆H₈O₇, (B): C₃H₆O₃, (C): C₇H₆O₃

(X, Y) are two salts of organic acids with the following chemical formulas: (Sample exam 2026)
(X): (HCOO)₂Ca, (Y): CaC₂O₄
Which of the following choices gives the number of moles of the organic acid and the base needed to prepare one mole of each of the two salts (X, Y)?

1. A (X): 1 mol of oxalic acid and 2 mol of calcium hydroxide, (Y): 1 mol of formic acid and 1 mol of calcium hydroxide.
2. B (X): 2 mol of formic acid and 2 mol of calcium hydroxide, (Y): 1 mol of oxalic acid and 1 mol of calcium hydroxide.
3. C (X): 2 mol of oxalic acid and 2 mol of calcium hydroxide, (Y): 1 mol of formic acid and 1 mol of calcium hydroxide.
4. D (X): 2 mol of formic acid and 1 mol of calcium hydroxide, (Y): 1 mol of oxalic acid and 1 mol of calcium hydroxide.

Which of the following gives the correct order of the steps needed to obtain a compound with the general formula C₇H₆O₂ from one of the products of the fractional distillation of coal tar? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Alkylation → oxidation → esterification.
2. B Reduction → alkylation → oxidation.
3. C Halogenation → alkaline hydrolysis → reaction with acetic acid.
4. D Oxidation → esterification → alkaline hydrolysis.

Compounds (A) and (B) are prepared by nitration, where: (Sample exam 2026)
Compound (A): is prepared by nitrating an aromatic hydrocarbon.
Compound (B): is prepared by nitrating an aromatic hydrocarbon derivative.
Which of the following represents compounds (A) and (B)?

1. A (A): meta-nitrotoluene, (B): meta-nitrobenzoic acid.
2. B (A): 4-nitrotoluene, (B): 3-nitrobenzoic acid.
3. C (A): ortho-nitrotoluene, (B): 2-nitrobenzoic acid.
4. D (A): 2-nitrotoluene, (B): para-nitrobenzoic acid.

Three organic compounds (X, Y, Z) have the molecular formulas: (Sample exam 2026)
(X): C₂F₄, (Y): C₂H₄O₂, (Z): CCl₂F₂
Which of the following correctly describes each compound?

1. A (X) an alkene derivative: used as a raw material for lining cooking pans, (Y) an aliphatic acid: used in making artificial silk, (Z) an alkane derivative: used as a refrigerant
2. B (X) an alkane derivative: used in surgical threads, (Y) an aromatic acid: used as a food preservative, (Z) an alkene derivative: used as a cleaner for devices
3. C (X) an alkane derivative: used as a raw material for lining cooking pans, (Y) an aliphatic ester: used as a flavouring and fragrance, (Z) an alkane derivative: used as a propellant for liquids
4. D (X) an alkene derivative: used in making plastics, (Y) an aliphatic acid: used in making explosives, (Z) an alkene derivative: used as an insecticide

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (Y): sodium ortho-methylbenzoate, (X): ortho-methylphenol, (W): cyclohexane.
2. B (Y): sodium para-methylbenzoate, (Z): methylbenzene, (W): cyclohexane.
3. C (X): para-methylphenol, (Z): methylbenzene, (W): methylcyclohexane.
4. D (X): phenol, (Y): sodium ortho-methylbenzoate, (W): methylcyclohexane.

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (X): sodium ethanoate, (W): a secondary alcohol.
2. B (X): sodium propanoate, (W): a primary alcohol.
3. C (X): sodium ethanoate, (W): a primary alcohol.
4. D (X): sodium propanoate, (W): a secondary alcohol.

You have the following organic compounds: (Sample exam 2026)
(X): C₇H₈, (Y): C₆H₆O, (Z): C₇H₆O₂, (L): C₆H₁₄O₆
The compounds that react with NaOH are ..........

1. A (X), (Y) only.
2. B (Z), (Y) only.
3. C (L), (Y) only.
4. D (L), (Z), (Y) only.

Which of the following represents the compound produced by the dry distillation of the organic compound CH₃CH(OH)CH₂COONa in the presence of soda lime? (1st session 2025)

1. A 2-Propanol.
2. B 1-Butanol.
3. C 2-Butanol.
4. D 1-Propanol.

Which of the following choices represents the process needed to obtain an aromatic compound with the formula C₇H₆O₃ under suitable conditions? (1st session 2025)

1. A Oxidation of toluene.
2. B Reaction of benzoic acid with caustic soda.
3. C Oxidation of 2-methylphenol.
4. D Reaction of phenol with formic acid.

The molecular formulas of three organic compounds (X), (Y), (Z) are: (2nd session 2024)
(X): C₈H₆O₄, (Y): C₂H₆O₂, (Z): C₂H₄O₂
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (X): an aromatic acid used in making polyester, (Y): a dihydric alcohol, (Z): an aliphatic acid used in making insecticides.
2. B (X): an aliphatic acid used in making vinegar, (Y): an aromatic alcohol used in making polyester, (Z): a dihydric alcohol.
3. C (X): a dihydric alcohol used in making polyester, (Y): an aliphatic acid used in making vinegar, (Z): an aromatic acid.
4. D (X): an ester, (Y): a monohydric alcohol used in making printing ink, (Z): an aliphatic acid used in making vinegar.

Which of the following choices gives the correct order of the processes needed to convert methane into an organic acid whose salt is used to prevent the growth of fungi? (2nd session 2024)

1. A Halogenation – adding a base with heating – oxidation.
2. B Strong heating then sudden cooling – catalytic hydration – reduction.
3. C Strong heating then sudden cooling – polymerization – halogenation.
4. D Strong heating then sudden cooling – polymerization – alkylation – oxidation.

The chemical formulas of three carboxylic acids are: (2nd session 2024)
(X): C₇H₆O₂, (Y): CₙH₂ₙO₂, (Z): C₇H₆O₃
Which of the following choices is incorrect?

1. A Acid (Y) is stronger than acid (X).
2. B Acid (X) is sparingly soluble in water.
3. C Acid (Y) is more stable than carbonic acid and liberates it from its salts.
4. D One mole of (Z) reacts with 2 mol of potassium hydroxide.

Oxidation of the compound CH₃–CH(CH₃)–CH(CH₃)–CHO gives .......... (1st session 2021)

1. A 2,3-dimethylpropanoic acid.
2. B 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid.
3. C 2,3-diethylbutanoic acid.
4. D 2,4-diethylpropanoic acid.

From the opposite reaction scheme (which takes place under suitable conditions): (1st session 2022)
compound (B) is ..........

1. A an aromatic acid.
2. B an ester.
3. C a ketone.
4. D an aliphatic acid.

The following table shows the observations when three organic compounds (A), (B), (C) react with three different solutions: (2nd session 2022)
(A) + KMnO₄ / H₂SO₄: the violet colour disappears.
(B) + Br₂ / CCl₄: a white precipitate forms.
(C) + NaHCO₃: effervescence and CO₂ gas is given off
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (A): propanol, (B): carbolic acid.
2. B (A): carbolic acid, (B): propanol.
3. C (B): carbolic acid, (C): propanol.
4. D (A): phenol, (C): propanoic acid.

The following table shows three solutions of the same concentration: (1st session 2022)
(A): terephthalic acid, (B): hydroiodic acid, (C): ethanoic acid.
The correct order of these solutions by hydrogen ion concentration is ..........

1. A C > A > B
2. B B > A > C
3. C A > C > B
4. D A > B > C

(A), (B) are the molecular formulas of two organic acids: (Trial exam / March 2023)
(A): C₂H₄O₂, (B): C₂H₂O₄
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A The boiling point of (B) is higher than that of (A).
2. B Reduction of compound (A) gives the simplest alcohol.
3. C Reduction of compound (B) gives a compound used in thermometers.
4. D The solubility of compound (A) in water is higher than that of compound (B).

When 2-methylpropanoic acid reacts with sodium metal, then the salt produced is heated with soda lime, the product is .......... (Trial exam / March 2023)

1. A 2-methylpropane.
2. B butane.
3. C 2-methylbutane.
4. D propane.

Lactic acid reacts with sodium; the products of the reaction are .......... (Trial exam / June 2021)

1. A CH₃–CH(OH)–COONa + water
2. B CH₃–CH(ONa)–COONa + hydrogen
3. C CH₃–CH(ONa)–COONa + water
4. D CH₃–C(Na)(OH)–COOH + hydrogen

The molecular formulas of the following carboxylic acids are: (1st session 2024)
(X): C₇H₆O₃, (Y): C₃H₆O₃, (Z): C₈H₆O₄
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (X): an aromatic acid, one mole of which reacts with 2 mol of KOH, (Y): an aliphatic acid that reacts with HCl, (Z): an aromatic acid that does not react with HCl
2. B (X): an aromatic acid that reacts with FeCl₃, (Y): an aromatic acid, one mole of which reacts with 2 mol of NaOH, (Z): an aromatic acid, 1 mol of which reacts with 2 mol of KOH
3. C (X): an aliphatic acid that reacts with HCl, (Y): an aliphatic acid insoluble in water, (Z): an aromatic acid, 1 mol of which reacts with 2 mol of KOH
4. D (X): an aromatic acid, one mole of which reacts with 2 mol of KOH, (Y): an aliphatic acid, one mole of which reacts with one mole of KOH, (Z): an aliphatic acid that reacts with HCl

Three organic compounds (A), (B), (C) are arranged by boiling point as follows: (C) > (B) > (A) (1st session 2024)
Which of the following choices is correct for these compounds?

1. A (B): ethanoic acid, (C): glycerol.
2. B (B): propane, (A): propanol.
3. C (C): ethylene glycol, (B): glycerol.
4. D (A): pentane, (C): butene.

When oxalic acid reacts with excess sodium hydroxide, the products of the reaction are .......... (2nd session 2021)

1. A water + HOOC–COONa
2. B water + NaOOC–COONa
3. C hydrogen + NaOOC–COONa
4. D hydrogen + NaOOC–COOH

Using the opposite scheme: (2nd session 2022)
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (X): toluene, (Z): methyl chloride.
2. B (X): toluene, (Z): benzoic acid.
3. C (Z): sodium benzoate, (Y): benzoic acid.
4. D (X): methane, (Y): sodium acetate.

You have the two organic compounds C₆H₆O₂, C₈H₆O₄; both react with .......... (Trial exam / March 2023)

1. A NaOH
2. B Na₂CO₃
3. C C₂H₅OH
4. D HCl

Study the following scheme: (2nd session 2022)
Given that (C) is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (A): propanoic acid, (B): propanol, (C): propene.
2. B (A): ethyl alcohol, (B): acetaldehyde, (D): acetic acid.
3. C (A): propanoic acid, (C): propyne, (D): propanol.
4. D (A): ethyl alcohol, (B): acetic acid, (D): acetaldehyde.

The following general formulas are of some hydrocarbon derivatives: (1st session 2023)
(A): CₙH₂ₙO₂, (B): CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O₂
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (A): a dihydric alcohol, (B): a carboxylic acid.
2. B (A): a carboxylic acid, (B): a dihydric alcohol.
3. C (A): an ester, (B): a carboxylic acid.
4. D (A): an ester, (B): a monohydric alcohol.

Which of the following processes are carried out on a monobasic carboxylic acid to convert it into a neutral compound with the same number of oxygen and carbon atoms? (1st session 2023)

1. A Complete reduction – dehydration – oxidation.
2. B Neutralization – dry distillation – halogenation.
3. C Complete reduction – dehydration – catalytic hydration.
4. D Esterification – basic hydrolysis – dry distillation.

(X), (Y), (Z) are three compounds: (1st session 2023)
(X): an organic compound with the fewest carbon atoms, used in making insecticides.
(Y): an inorganic compound used as an insecticide.
(Z): an organic compound used as a raw material in making artificial silk.
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (X): acetic acid, (Y): manganese sulphate, (Z): gammexane.
2. B (X): formic acid, (Y): copper sulphate, (Z): acetic acid.
3. C (X): gammexane, (Y): copper sulphate, (Z): acetic acid.
4. D (X): formic acid, (Y): manganese sulphate, (Z): gammexane.

From the following scheme: (Trial exam / March 2023)
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (B): sparingly soluble in water, (E): used in making insecticides.
2. B (B): used in making silk, (E): its salt is used as a food preservative.
3. C (B): prevents the growth of bacteria, (E): used in cosmetics.
4. D (B): used in making insecticides, (E): prevents the growth of fungi.

The dry distillation of the sodium salt of citric acid with soda lime produces .......... (1st session 2023)

1. A propanal.
2. B propane.
3. C 1-propanol.
4. D 2-propanol.

From the following scheme: (2nd session 2023)
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A Compound (B) is a symmetrical alkene.
2. B Compound (C) is a monobasic acid.
3. C Compound (A) is a dihydric alcohol.
4. D Compound (C) is a dibasic acid.

(A), (B), (C) are three hydrocarbon derivatives, and the following table shows the results of adding some reagents: (2nd session 2023)
Na₂CO₃(s): (A) no reaction, (B) CO₂ gas is given off, (C) CO₂ gas is given off
Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇(aq): (A) the colour changes, (B) no change, (C) no change
FeCl₃(aq): (A) no change, (B) no change, (C) the colour changes
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (A): C₇H₆O₃, (B): C₂H₄O₂, (C): C₂H₅OH
2. B (A): C₂H₄O₂, (B): C₂H₅OH, (C): C₇H₆O₃
3. C (A): C₂H₅OH, (B): C₇H₆O₃, (C): C₂H₄O₂
4. D (A): C₂H₅OH, (B): C₂H₄O₂, (C): C₇H₆O₃

From the following scheme: (1st session 2023)
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (A): used in preparing benzoic acid, (C): a raw material for preparing Bakelite.
2. B (A): used in preparing explosives, (C): a raw material for making artificial heart valves.
3. C (A): an aromatic acid, (C): a raw material for preparing Dacron fabric.
4. D (A): an aliphatic hydrocarbon, (C): an aromatic carboxylic acid.

Compounds (A), (B) are aromatic organic compounds; the molecular formula of compound (A) is C₆H₆O and of compound (B) is C₇H₆O₃ (Trial exam / June 2021)
Both compounds (A), (B) react with ..........

1. A sodium hydroxide.
2. B sodium carbonate.
3. C ethyl alcohol.
4. D hydrochloric acid.

Compounds (A), (B) are organic compounds that have in common that each of them reacts with NaOH (1st session 2021)
Which of the following is correct?

1. A The molecular formula of compound (A) is C₆H₆O, and of compound (B) is C₂H₆O
2. B Compound (A) is methyl alcohol, compound (B) is acetic acid.
3. C Compound (A) is isopropyl alcohol, compound (B) is phenol.
4. D The molecular formula of compound (A) is C₆H₆O, and of compound (B) is C₇H₆O₃

The correct order of the steps to obtain an alkane from an alkyne is .......... (Trial exam / May 2021)

1. A Oxidation – dry distillation – neutralization with NaOH – catalytic hydration.
2. B Dry distillation – neutralization with NaOH – catalytic hydration – oxidation.
3. C Catalytic hydration – oxidation – neutralization with NaOH – dry distillation.
4. D Neutralization with NaOH – dry distillation – catalytic hydration – oxidation.

The processes that lead to obtaining acetic acid from sodium acetate under suitable conditions are .......... (1st session 2022)

1. A Strong heating then rapid cooling – combustion – catalytic hydration – reduction.
2. B Dry distillation – strong heating then rapid cooling – catalytic hydration – oxidation.
3. C Dry distillation – catalytic hydration – reduction.
4. D Strong heating – catalytic hydration – oxidation.

The correct order of the processes needed to obtain ethanoic acid from the simplest aliphatic compound .......... (2nd session 2022)

1. A Heating then rapid cooling – catalytic hydration – reduction.
2. B Halogenation – hydrolysis – oxidation.
3. C Heating then rapid cooling – catalytic hydration – oxidation.
4. D Halogenation – hydrolysis – combustion.

Benzoic acid can be obtained starting from a saturated aliphatic compound by .......... (Trial exam / June 2021)

1. A reforming, then oxidation.
2. B polymerization, then oxidation.
3. C polymerization, then hydrogenation.
4. D oxidation, then halogenation.

From the opposite scheme: (1st session 2021)
compound (C) is ..........

1. A C₆H₆O₂
2. B C₇H₆O₂
3. C C₇H₆O₃
4. D C₆H₈O₃

Meta-chlorobenzoic acid can be obtained from ethyne by the following processes .......... (2nd session 2021)

1. A polymerization, then oxidation, then halogenation, then alkylation.
2. B polymerization, then alkylation, then oxidation, then halogenation.
3. C alkylation, then polymerization, then halogenation, then oxidation.
4. D oxidation, then polymerization, then halogenation, then alkylation.

To obtain the simplest aromatic compound from the aromatic compound with the formula C₇H₈ (1st session 2021)
the correct order of the processes needed is ..........

1. A neutralization, oxidation, dry distillation.
2. B oxidation, dry distillation, neutralization.
3. C neutralization, dry distillation, oxidation.
4. D oxidation, neutralization, dry distillation.

To obtain a monobasic aromatic organic acid from an aromatic compound. (2nd session 2021)
the steps needed, in order, are ..........

1. A reduction, then alkylation, then oxidation.
2. B nitration, then alkylation, then reduction.
3. C reduction, then halogenation, then hydrolysis.
4. D nitration, then halogenation, then oxidation.

Which of the following compounds forms 2,2-dimethylpropane by its dry distillation? (2nd session 2023)

1. A Sodium pentanoate.
2. B Sodium hexanoate.
3. C Sodium 3,3-dimethylbutanoate.
4. D Sodium 2,2-dimethylpropanoate.

The compounds (A), (B), (C) are: (2nd session 2023)
(A): C₂H₄O₂, (B): C₃H₅(OH)₃, (C): C₂H₂O₄
The order of the compounds by the number of hydrogen bonds between every two molecules of each is ..........

1. A A < C < B
2. B C < B < A
3. C B < A < C
4. D A < B < C

(A), (B) are two organic compounds with the general formulas: (2nd session 2023)
(A): CₙH₂ₙ, (B): CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
When each of them separately undergoes catalytic hydration, then complete oxidation, we obtain a compound with the general formula ..........

1. A CₙH₂ₙO₂
2. B CₙH₂ₙO
3. C CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O₂
4. D CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O

Study the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
Given that (F) is a dibasic carboxylic acid:
(1) Write the name of each of the organic compounds (A) and (D).
(2) State the name of the processes (C) and (E).

Study the following scheme, then answer the following questions: (Sample exam 2026)
(1) Write the structural formulas of compounds (A), (B), (C).
(2) Write one use of compound (A).

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
Given that the organic compound (A) is used as a preservative for frozen fruits, and the organic compound (F) is produced from the catalytic hydration of propyne:
(1) Write the structural formulas of compounds (B) and (D).
(2) Write the name of each of the chemical processes (C) and (E).

The following scheme represents some reactions of organic compounds: (Sample exam 2026)
(1) State the IUPAC name of the isomer of the compound produced by adding excess HBr to compound (Z).
(2) State the IUPAC name of the product of reducing compound (X).
(3) Write the structural formulas of compounds (Y) and (L).