Ethanol questions

Sucrose is hydrolysed in the presence of H⁺ forming ..........

1. A a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.
2. B a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule.
3. C two glucose molecules.
4. D two fructose molecules.

The following pairs of compounds are isomers, except ..........

1. A glucose , fructose.
2. B hexene , cyclohexane.
3. C pentane , cyclopentane.
4. D ethanol , dimethyl ether.

When flour, sugar and yeast are mixed with water, CO₂ gas is given off in addition to forming an amount of ..........

1. A CH₃COOH
2. B C₂H₅OH
3. C C₆H₁₂O₆
4. D H₂O

From the following scheme:
Glucose → stage (1) → dilute ethanol solution → stage (2) → 90% ethanol
Which of the following represents each of stages (1) and (2)?

1. A (1): hydrolysis , (2): alcoholic fermentation.
2. B (1): catalytic hydration , (2): distillation.
3. C (1): hydrolysis , (2): catalytic hydration.
4. D (1): alcoholic fermentation , (2): distillation.

Ethanol is prepared from glucose by process (X), from ethene by process (Y) and from ethanal by process (Z).
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (X): alcoholic fermentation , (Y): catalytic hydration , (Z): reduction.
2. B (X): fractional distillation , (Y): catalytic hydration , (Z): oxidation.
3. C (X): alcoholic fermentation , (Y): simple distillation , (Z): reduction.
4. D (X): fractional distillation , (Y): simple distillation , (Z): oxidation.

When propene is treated with dilute phosphoric acid and heated, .......... is formed.

1. A propanone
2. B propanal
3. C 1-propanol
4. D 2-propanol

Which of the following compounds reacts with sulphuric acid and water to form isopropyl alcohol?

1. A Ethylene.
2. B Propane.
3. C Propylene.
4. D 2-Methylpropene.

2-Methyl-2-butanol is formed by the catalytic hydration of ..........

1. A 2-methylbutane.
2. B 1-butene.
3. C 2-methyl-1-butene.
4. D 2-butene.

The catalytic hydration of 2-methyl-1-butene in the presence of hot H₂SO₄ forms ..........

1. A pentyl hydrogen sulphate.
2. B 2-methyl-2-butanol.
3. C 2-methyl-1-butanol.
4. D secondary butyl hydrogen sulphate.

Compound (X) reacts with H₃PO₄ then with H₂O on heating to form isopropyl alcohol.
All of the following describe compound (X), except that it ..........

1. A is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
2. B can be hydrogenated.
3. C has 9 atoms in its molecule.
4. D has 3 moles of carbon atoms in its molecule.

The monomer of the opposite polymer is used to prepare ..........

1. A a secondary alcohol of molecular formula C₄H₁₀O
2. B a tertiary alcohol of molecular formula C₄H₁₀O
3. C a secondary alcohol of molecular formula C₅H₁₂O
4. D a tertiary alcohol of molecular formula C₅H₁₂O

Which substance reacts with ethyl bromide to form a substance used to prepare ethylene gas in the laboratory?

1. A Ethanol.
2. B Acetic acid.
3. C Aqueous KOH.
4. D Alcoholic AgNO₃(aq).

All of the following are methods of preparing ethanol, except ..........

1. A the catalytic hydration of one of the products of thermal cracking of petroleum.
2. B heating an ethyl halide with an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide.
3. C the hydrolysis of sodium ethoxide.
4. D the reaction of ethene with hydrogen peroxide.

From the following scheme:
Ethene → (reaction (A) with HBr) → compound (X) → (reaction (B) with NaOH(aq)) → compound (Y)
Which of the following is correct?

1. A Reaction (A): addition , (X): bromoethane , reaction (B): addition , (Y): ethanol
2. B Reaction (A): addition , (X): bromoethane , reaction (B): substitution , (Y): ethanol
3. C Reaction (A): substitution , (X): bromoethene , reaction (B): neutralization , (Y): ethanoic acid
4. D Reaction (A): substitution , (X): bromoethene , reaction (B): substitution , (Y): ethanoic acid

Which compound reacts with excess aqueous KOH forming acetaldehyde?

1. A 1,2-Dichloroethane.
2. B 1,1-Dichloroethane.
3. C Chloroacetic acid.
4. D Ethyl chloride.

According to the two opposite reactions:
Reaction (1): CH₂=CHCH₂CH₂CH₃ + (X) gives 2-chloropentane.
Reaction (2): heating 2-chloropentane with NaOH(aq) gives (Y).
Which of the following represents (X) and (Y)?

1. A (X): Cl₂ , (Y): CH₃(CH₂)₂CHOHCH₃
2. B (X): HCl , (Y): CH₃(CH₂)₂CHOHCH₃
3. C (X): Cl₂ , (Y): CH₃(CH₂)₄OH
4. D (X): HCl , (Y): CH₃(CH₂)₄OH

From the following scheme:
Scheme: CH₃CH₃ reacts with Cl₂ (reaction (1)) to form CH₃CH₂Cl, which then reacts with substance (2) to form substance (X), then (X) is heated with H₂SO₄ (reaction (3)) to form CH₂CH₂
Which of the following represents the condition of each of reactions (1) and (3), and what is substance (2)?

1. A Condition (1): 400°C , substance (2): CH₃OH , condition (3): 180°C
2. B Condition (1): UV , substance (2): CH₃OH , condition (3): 140°C
3. C Condition (1): 400°C , substance (2): aqueous KOH , condition (3): 180°C
4. D Condition (1): UV , substance (2): aqueous KOH , condition (3): 140°C

From the following scheme:
Scheme: C(CH₃)₂CHCH₃ reacts with HX to form (A), then (A) is heated with aqueous KOH to form (B)
What is the name of compound (B)?

1. A Pentanol.
2. B 2-Methyl-2-butanol.
3. C 3-Methyl-2-butanol.
4. D 3-Methyl-3-butanol.

What is the number of H atoms in a sample of sucrose of mass 3.4 g?
[C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16]

1. A 6 × 10²³ atom
2. B 1.3 × 10²³ atom
3. C 3.8 × 10²² atom
4. D 6 × 10²¹ atom

What is the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced by the alcoholic fermentation of a glucose sample of mass 10.3 g (at STP)?
[C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16]

1. A 1.28 L
2. B 1.42 L
3. C 2.33 L
4. D 2.56 L

When 2 mol of glucose condense, 1 mol of maltose and 1 mol of water are formed.
What is the molar mass of maltose? And what is its relation to sucrose?
[C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16]

1. A 342 g/mol / isomers.
2. B 342 g/mol / they differ by a methylene group.
3. C 360 g/mol / isomers.
4. D 360 g/mol / they differ by a methylene group.

All of the following are true for the hydroxyl group in aliphatic alcohols, except that it is a(n) .......... group.

1. A ionized
2. B polar
3. C hydrogen-bond forming
4. D active

Which of the following compounds dissolves in water?

1. A Ethyne.
2. B Benzene.
3. C Butane.
4. D Ethanol.

What bonds are present in a mixture of water and glycerol?

1. A Hydrogen ✓ , covalent ✓ , ionic ✗
2. B Hydrogen ✓ , covalent ✓ , ionic ✓
3. C Hydrogen ✗ , covalent ✓ , ionic ✗
4. D Hydrogen ✗ , covalent ✗ , ionic ✓

Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?

1. A Propane.
2. B Diethyl ether.
3. C Ethanol.
4. D 1-Propanol.

The boiling point of methanol is higher than that of propane, because ..........
[C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16]

1. A its molar mass is greater.
2. B it has fewer hydrogen atoms.
3. C its molecules are bonded to each other by hydrogen bonds.
4. D it has fewer carbon atoms.

Which of the following gives the boiling points of methanol and ethane?

1. A Methanol: 64.7°C , ethane: 35°C
2. B Methanol: −64.7°C , ethane: −64.7°C
3. C Methanol: −64.7°C , ethane: 35°C
4. D Methanol: 64.7°C , ethane: −88.6°C

Which of the following shows the correct order of the boiling points of the compounds? (from highest to lowest)

1. A CH₃CH₂CH₃ then CH₃CH₂OH then CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
2. B CH₃CH₂CH₂OH then CH₃CH₂OH then CH₃CH₂CH₃
3. C CH₃CH₂CH₃ then CH₃CH₂CH₂OH then CH₃CH₂OH
4. D CH₃CH₂OH then CH₃CH₂CH₂OH then CH₃CH₂CH₃

Alcohols with the same number of carbon atoms are arranged by boiling point as follows:
primary alcohol higher than secondary alcohol higher than tertiary alcohol.
Which of the following shows the order of boiling point of the following alcohols? (from highest to lowest)

1. A 2-methyl-2-butanol then 3-methyl-2-butanol then 1-pentanol.
2. B 3-methyl-2-butanol then 2-methyl-2-butanol then 1-pentanol.
3. C 1-pentanol then 3-methyl-2-butanol then 2-methyl-2-butanol.
4. D 1-pentanol then 2-methyl-2-butanol then 3-methyl-2-butanol.

All of the following are properties of ethanol, except ..........

1. A neutral and colourless.
2. B a volatile liquid.
3. C its boiling point is lower than that of water.
4. D it bonds with benzene by hydrogen bonds.

The opposite figure shows the reason for ..........

1. A the miscibility of ethylene glycol with water.
2. B the high boiling point of ethylene glycol.
3. C the high boiling point of ethanol.
4. D the miscibility of ethanol with water.

Which of the following describes the physical properties of 1-propanol?

1. A An oily liquid, miscible with water, with a boiling point of 78.5°C
2. B A light (non-viscous) liquid, miscible with water, with a boiling point of 97°C
3. C A light (non-viscous) liquid, immiscible with water, with a boiling point of 97°C
4. D An oily liquid, immiscible with water, with a boiling point of 78.5°C

Which of the following equations represents the combustion of hydrocarbons?
(1) C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O
(2) C₂H₄ + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 2H₂O
(3) CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

1. A (1) , (2) , (3).
2. B (1) , (2).
3. C (1) , (3).
4. D (2) , (3).

Some reactions of organic compounds:
(1): catalytic hydration of ethene. (2): combustion of ethanol. (3): alcoholic fermentation of glucose.
In which reaction(s) is the molar mass of the carbon-containing product less than the molar mass of the reacting compound?
[C = 12 , O = 16 , H = 1]

1. A (1) , (2).
2. B (1) only.
3. C (2) , (3).
4. D (3) only.

What is the least number of moles of oxygen needed for the complete combustion of 40 g of methanol?
[C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16]

1. A 1.88 mol
2. B 2.5 mol
3. C 3.75 mol
4. D 5 mol

From the opposite table:
Molar heat of combustion: methane −880 kJ/mol , ethanol −1380 kJ/mol , propane −2200 kJ/mol , butene −2716 kJ/mol
What is the chemical formula of the fuel that produces the largest amount of heat energy when 1 g of it burns?
[C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16]

1. A C₂H₅OH
2. B C₄H₈
3. C CH₄
4. D C₃H₈

Which of the following compounds has the weakest acidic character?

1. A HNO₃
2. B HCl
3. C C₂H₆
4. D CH₃OH

With which substance does ethanol react to form a compound containing an ionic bond?

1. A Hydrochloric acid.
2. B Sodium hydroxide.
3. C Sodium metal.
4. D Acetic acid.

An organic compound (X) reacts with sodium and does not react with sodium hydroxide solution.
Which of the following can represent compound (X)?

1. A 3-pentanol ✗ , 1-propanol ✗
2. B 3-pentanol ✓ , 1-propanol ✗
3. C 3-pentanol ✓ , 1-propanol ✓
4. D 3-pentanol ✗ , 1-propanol ✓

A student assumed that the following statements describe sodium ethoxide:
(1): it is prepared by the reaction of sodium with ethanol.
(2): it is an organic compound prepared by the reaction of sodium hydroxide with ethanol.
(3): it is hydrolysed forming an aqueous mixture whose pH is more than 7
Which of the following describes sodium ethoxide?

1. A (1) , (3) only.
2. B (1) , (2) only.
3. C (2) , (3) only.
4. D (1) , (2) , (3).

2.3 g of sodium [Na = 23] reacts with methyl alcohol to form ..........

1. A 0.05 mol of oxygen gas.
2. B 0.1 mol of hydrogen gas.
3. C 0.05 mol of hydrogen gas.
4. D 0.01 mol of oxygen gas.

On hydrolysis of the two organic compounds:
(A): the confirmatory reagent for the cations of the third analytical group is formed.
(B): the confirmatory reagent for the cations of the fifth analytical group is formed.
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (A): decomposes on heating forming an alkene / (B): its solution turns litmus red.
2. B (A): produced by the reaction of ethanol with sodium hydroxide / (B): decomposes on heating (at 180°C).
3. C (A): its solution turns litmus blue / (B): decomposes on heating forming an alkene.
4. D (A): is hydrolysed forming an alkyne / (B): produced by the reaction of ethanol with sodium hydroxide.

Which of the following represents the esterification reaction?

1. A A
2. B B
3. C C
4. D D

When water is added to sodium ethoxide, then acetic acid is added to the organic product, .......... is formed.

1. A a polymer
2. B an ester
3. C a primary alcohol
4. D an aldehyde

Which of the following describes the opposite compound?
[H = 1 , C = 12 , O = 16]

1. A It does not react with acidified potassium permanganate solution.
2. B Its molar mass is less than the molar mass of glycerol.
3. C It reacts with methanoic acid forming a salt and water.
4. D One mole of it reacts with excess sodium forming 2 mol of hydrogen gas.

From the following two reactions:
CH₃CH=CHCH₃ + H₂O → (X) (H₂SO₄ , Δ)
CH₃COOH + (X) → (Y) + H₂O (H₂SO₄)
What is the chemical formula of compound (Y)?

1. A CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)COOCH₃
2. B CH₃COOCH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃
3. C CH₃CH₂CH₂COOCH₃
4. D CH₃COOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

The opposite scheme shows some chemical reactions.
Ethanol → (X) → acetic acid
Acetic acid → (Y) → methyl acetate
Acetic acid → (Z) → ethyl acetate
Which of the following processes represents an oxidation process?

1. A (X) only.
2. B (Y) only.
3. C (X) , (Y) only.
4. D (X) , (Y) , (Z).

When 1-propanol reacts with HBr, .......... is formed.

1. A 2-bromopropane + water
2. B 1-bromopropane + water
3. C ethyl bromide + methanol
4. D 2-bromo-1-propanol + hydrogen

What is the number of methyl groups in the compound produced by the reaction of 1-propanol with a hydrogen halide?

1. A 1
2. B 2
3. C 3
4. D 4

What are the numbers of methyl groups and methylene groups, respectively, in the compound produced by the reaction of 2-butanol with a hydrogen halide?

1. A Methyl: 1 , methylene: 2
2. B Methyl: 2 , methylene: 1
3. C Methyl: 2 , methylene: 2
4. D Methyl: 1 , methylene: 1

The compound that can be prepared from ethanol by substitution is ..........

1. A ethene.
2. B ethanoic acid.
3. C ethanal.
4. D bromoethane.

In the reaction: CH₃OH + HBr → (X) + H₂O (in the presence of a catalyst)
Which of the following shows one of the properties of compound (X) compared with CH₃OH?
[C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16 , Br = 79.9]

1. A Its boiling point is lower.
2. B Its tendency to form polymers is greater.
3. C Its molar mass is smaller.
4. D Its solubility in water is greater.

From the reaction of (CH₃)₃COH with HCl under suitable conditions.
What is the IUPAC name of the organic product?

1. A 1,1-Dimethyl-1-chloroethane.
2. B Tertiary butyl chloride.
3. C 1-Chloro-1,1-dimethylethane.
4. D 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane.

From the opposite scheme: propene is changed by process (1) into compound (A), (A) is changed by process (2) into 2-propanol, and 2-propanol is changed by process (3) into (A).
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (1): addition , (2): elimination , (3): substitution
2. B (1): addition , (2): substitution , (3): substitution
3. C (1): elimination , (2): addition , (3): addition
4. D (1): substitution , (2): elimination , (3): elimination

From the opposite reactions:
• Oxidation of compound (1) gives compound (2), and oxidation of compound (2) gives a carboxylic acid.
• Oxidation of compound (3) gives a ketone.
• Compound (4) is not oxidized (no reaction takes place).
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (1): secondary alcohol , (2): ketone , (3): primary alcohol , (4): tertiary alcohol
2. B (1): primary alcohol , (2): aldehyde , (3): tertiary alcohol , (4): secondary alcohol
3. C (1): primary alcohol , (2): aldehyde , (3): secondary alcohol , (4): tertiary alcohol
4. D (1): secondary alcohol , (2): ketone , (3): tertiary alcohol , (4): secondary alcohol

The opposite figure shows the structural formula of an organic compound. When this compound reacts with acidified potassium dichromate solution, .......... is formed.

1. A an ether
2. B an ester
3. C a carboxylic acid
4. D a ketone

Alcohol (X) is oxidized forming an organic acid whose molar mass is 88 g/mol
What is the molecular formula of alcohol (X)?
[C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16]

1. A CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₃
2. B CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
3. C CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
4. D CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₂CH₃

From the opposite scheme: the catalytic thermal cracking of decane gives C₄H₁₀ + 2X
The following processes were carried out in order on compound (X):
(reaction with HX - alkaline hydrolysis - treatment with hot chromic acid) and the organic compound (Y) was formed.
Which of the following represents the functional group of compound (Y)?

1. A –OH
2. B –CHO
3. C –COOH
4. D –CO– (carbonyl)

When acetone is reduced, .......... is formed.

1. A isopropyl alcohol
2. B propane
3. C propene
4. D 1-propanol

A secondary alcohol is formed when the compound .......... is reduced.

1. A CH₃CH₂COCH₃ (ketone)
2. B CH₃CH₂COOCH₃
3. C CH₃CH₂OCH₃
4. D CH₃CH₂NH₂

What compound is produced by adding excess hydrogen gas to the compound CH₂CHCOCHCH₂ under suitable conditions?

1. A 3-Pentanal.
2. B 2-Pentanol.
3. C Divinyl-3-pentanol.
4. D 3-Pentanol.

All of the following represent possible oxidation reactions, except ..........

1. A the change of 1-propanol into propanal.
2. B the change of CH₃CH(CH₃)OH into CH₃CH₂COOH
3. C the change of propanal into propanoic acid.
4. D the change of C₆H₅CH₂OH into C₆H₅CHO

Compound (X) has the molecular formula C₂H₆O:
• It can be oxidized to compound (Y).
• It reacts with compound (Y) forming compound (Z) and water.
To which homologous series do compounds (X), (Y) and (Z) belong?

1. A (X): alcohols , (Y): carboxylic acids , (Z): esters
2. B (X): alcohols , (Y): aldehydes , (Z): esters
3. C (X): ethers , (Y): ketones , (Z): carboxylic acids
4. D (X): ethers , (Y): carboxylic acids , (Z): salts of organic acids

Alcohol (G) is oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate solution forming acid (H). When alcohol (G) reacts with acid (H), the ester .......... is formed.

1. A HCOOC₅H₁₁
2. B CH₃COOC₄H₉
3. C C₂H₅COOC₃H₇
4. D C₃H₇COOC₂H₅

Cane sugar is converted into acetic acid by ..........

1. A hydrolysis, then oxidation, then alcoholic fermentation.
2. B oxidation, then alcoholic fermentation, then hydrolysis.
3. C hydrolysis, then alcoholic fermentation, then oxidation.
4. D alcoholic fermentation, then hydrolysis, then oxidation.

Which of the following represents ions and groups that are not oxidized?

1. A Nitrate and carboxyl.
2. B Nitrite and carboxyl.
3. C Nitrate and formyl.
4. D Nitrite and formyl.

Ethyl methyl ketone can be prepared by the oxidation of ..........

1. A 2-propanol.
2. B 1-butanol.
3. C 2-butanol.
4. D tertiary butyl alcohol.

The following statements may describe the compound shown in the opposite figure:
(1): this compound is named 1-phenyl-2-pentanol.
(2): it is oxidized, changing into 1-phenyl-2-pentanal.
(3): on further oxidation it easily forms one organic acid.
Which of the following represents the statement(s) that describe this compound?

1. A (1) only.
2. B (2) only.
3. C (1) , (3).
4. D (2) , (3).

An organic compound (X) of general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O is completely oxidized by ordinary oxidizing agents forming a compound of general formula CₙH₂ₙO. What type of compound is (X)?

1. A Primary alcohol.
2. B Secondary alcohol.
3. C Ether.
4. D Aldehyde.

Which of the following describes the oxidation of ethanol by K₂Cr₂O₇ solution acidified with H₂SO₄?

1. A It is accompanied by the evolution of CO₂ gas
2. B It is used to detect whether drivers have drunk alcohol.
3. C The elements C and H are reduced
4. D The functional group in the product is (C=O).

What substance is used to convert 1-propanol into propanoic acid?

1. A Hydrogen.
2. B Hot chromic acid.
3. C Copper(II) chromate.
4. D Dry hydrogen chloride gas.

Which of the following substances is oxidized forming a ketone?

1. A (CH₃)₃COH
2. B CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
3. C (CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH
4. D CH₃CHOHCH₃

Which of the following is correct when potassium dichromate solution acidified with sulphuric acid is added to the opposite colourless compound?

1. A An orange colour forms.
2. B No colour change occurs.
3. C A green colour forms.
4. D The violet colour disappears.

The following alcohols decolourize acidified potassium permanganate, except ..........

1. A 2-hexanol.
2. B 2-methyl-2-pentanol.
3. C hexanal.
4. D 2-methyl-3-pentanol.

What substance is produced by the catalytic hydration of the monomer of the opposite polymer?

1. A An alcohol that is oxidized forming an organic acid.
2. B An aldehyde that is oxidized forming an organic acid.
3. C An alcohol that is oxidized forming a ketone.
4. D An alcohol that is not oxidized by ordinary oxidizing agents.

Three organic compounds share the molecular formula C₃H₈O:
• (1): contains a terminal carbinol group.
• (2): contains a middle carbinol group.
• (3): does not contain a carbinol group.
Which of the following describes each of the compounds (1), (2) and (3)?

1. A (1): is oxidized giving the smell of vinegar , (2): prepared by hydration of propene , (3): reacts with sodium hydroxide
2. B (1): reacts with sodium , (2): reacts with sodium hydroxide , (3): reacts with sodium
3. C (1): neutral colourless substance , (2): is oxidized forming an organic acid , (3): does not react with sodium hydroxide
4. D (1): light liquid miscible with water , (2): prepared by hydration of propene , (3): does not react with sodium metal

The molecular formula (C₄H₁₀O) has several isomers.
• (A): the number of isomers that dissolve in water.
• (B): the number of isomers that form an alkoxide.
• (C): the number of isomers affected by KMnO₄(aq) acidified with H₂SO₄
Which of the following represents (A , B , C)?

1. A (A): 4 , (B): 4 , (C): 4
2. B (A): 4 , (B): 4 , (C): 3
3. C (A): 3 , (B): 3 , (C): 3
4. D (A): 3 , (B): 3 , (C): 4

The following scheme shows the conversion of compound (A) into an organic solvent (B) containing a carbonyl group:
Compound (A) reacts with HX forming a halogen derivative, which is hydrolysed in an alkaline medium forming a hydroxyl derivative, which is oxidized by Cr₂O₇²⁻ / H⁺ forming compound (B).
What are the molecular formulas of compounds (A) and (B)?

1. A (A): C₂H₄ , (B): C₃H₆O
2. B (A): C₃H₆ , (B): C₃H₆O
3. C (A): C₃H₆ , (B): C₃H₆O₂
4. D (A): C₂H₄ , (B): C₃H₆O₂

Forming ROR compounds from ROH compounds is one of the .......... reactions.

1. A dehydration
2. B dehydrogenation
3. C hydration
4. D hydrogenation

Compound (X) is produced by the reaction of ethanol with conc. sulphuric acid at 140°C
What is the molecular formula of compound (X)?

1. A CH₃–O–CH₃
2. B C₂H₅HSO₄
3. C C₂H₅OC₂H₅
4. D C₂H₄

When an alkyl halide reacts with a sodium alkoxide, sodium halide and .......... are formed.

1. A an aldehyde
2. B a ketone
3. C an ether
4. D a carboxylic acid

All of the following are reactions forming alkenes from alcohols by removing a water molecule, except ..........

1. A ethene from ethanol.
2. B 2-methyl-2-butene from 2-methyl-2-butanol.
3. C 2-propene from 2-propanol.
4. D 3-ethyl-2-pentene from 3-ethyl-3-pentanol.

From the following scheme:
The simplest branched alkene (A) reacts with HCl forming (B), then (B) is heated with KOH(aq) forming (C).
All of the following are correct, except ..........

1. A (B): the compound 2-chloro-2-methylpropane.
2. B (C): reacts with H₂SO₄(l) (at 180°C) forming (A).
3. C (C): is affected by acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ solution.
4. D (A): its atoms are bonded in the molecule by 11 sigma bonds.

Organic compound (A) reacts with sodium metal forming compound (B), and when excess compound (A) is heated with conc. sulphuric acid, diethyl ether is formed.
Which of the following represents compounds (A) and (B)?

1. A (A): C₃H₇OH , (B): CH₃ONa
2. B (A): CH₃OH , (B): CH₃ONa
3. C (A): C₄H₉OH , (B): C₄H₉ONa
4. D (A): C₂H₅OH , (B): C₂H₅ONa

The reactions shown in the following scheme take place under the suitable conditions for each reaction:
C₄H₉ONa reacts with C₂H₅I forming (X) + NaI, and C₄H₉ONa is hydrolysed forming (Y).
Which of the following represents compounds (X) and (Y)?

1. A (X): ethyl butyl ether , (Y): is reduced forming a ketone.
2. B (X): symmetrical ether , (Y): is reduced forming an aldehyde.
3. C (X): symmetrical ether , (Y): a symmetrical ether is prepared from it.
4. D (X): butyl ethyl ether , (Y): dibutyl ether is prepared from it.

A saturated aliphatic monohydric alcohol has a molecular mass of (74 g/mol).
How many of its isomers do not react with sodium metal?
[H = 1 , C = 12 , O = 16]

1. A 1
2. B 2
3. C 3
4. D 4

Denatured alcohol is a mixture of compound (X), compound (Y), water and some dyes, "where (X) and (Y) belong to the same homologous series".
All of the following describe compounds (X) and (Y), except ..........

1. A they dissolve in water.
2. B they are light liquids.
3. C they react with each other to form an ester and water.
4. D their boiling points are different.

There are many industrial uses for the mixture of ..........

1. A ethanol and methanol.
2. B phenol and methanol.
3. C ethanol and phenol.
4. D 1-propanol and ethanol.

Ethanol is used in making deodorants and after-shave lotion, because it ..........

1. A is flammable and volatile.
2. B is a good solvent and an antiseptic.
3. C is flammable and mixes easily with water.
4. D is colourless and has a low freezing point.

The opposite figure shows filling a car with a fuel that has high combustion efficiency.
What are the two substances (A) and (B) that make up this fuel?

1. A (A): ethanol , (B): methanol
2. B (A): gasoline , (B): ethanol
3. C (A): gasoline , (B): isooctane
4. D (A): methanol , (B): isooctane

What is the physical state of ethylene glycol (at 25°C)?

1. A A white solid.
2. B A liquid.
3. C A gas.
4. D A brown solid.

From the opposite scheme: C₂H₅OH is heated with conc. H₂SO₄ at 180°C forming A, then A reacts with H₂O₂ forming B
All of the following are correct, except ..........

1. A (A): an olefin , (B): a very viscous liquid.
2. B (A): decolourizes bromine water , (B): used in preparing Dacron fibres.
3. C (A): the monomer of the plastic bags polymer , (B): used in printing inks.
4. D (A): produced by cracking petroleum products , (B): does not dissolve in water.

The following equation shows the explosion reaction of the organic substance (X):
2X(s) → 2C(s) + 12CO(g) + 5H₂(g) + 3N₂(g)
What is substance (X), and what is the total volume of the gases produced by the explosion of 1 mol of this substance (at STP)?

1. A TNT , 224 L
2. B glycerol trinitrate , 492.8 L
3. C TNT , 448 L
4. D glycerol trinitrate , 224 L

Show by symbolic equations, writing the reaction conditions, how to obtain each of the following from chloromethane:
(1) an alcohol.
(2) a Freon.

Write the symbolic equation for converting an alkyl halide containing 5 carbon atoms into a tertiary alcohol.

Show by symbolic equations how to obtain ethyl chloride from glucose.

Show by symbolic equations how to obtain ethylene from sodium ethoxide.

Show by symbolic equations how to obtain propanone from 2-bromopropane.

Show by symbolic equations how to obtain diethyl ether from ethyl bromide.

Show by symbolic equations how to obtain a secondary alcohol from a primary alcohol.

Two compounds that do not react with sodium:
• Compound (A): its molecular formula is C₃H₈O
• Compound (B): its molecular formula is C₄H₁₀O
(1) What is the name of compound (A)?
(2) Draw the possible structural formulas of compound (B).

The opposite scheme shows some properties of the two compounds (M) and (N).
Compare these two compounds in terms of:
(1) solubility in water.
(2) the type of their reaction with HX

The opposite figure represents the chemical formula of an organic compound:
(1) Write the IUPAC name of this compound.
(2) What type of alcohol is produced by the catalytic hydration of this compound, according to the attachment of the carbinol group, and what do you observe when potassium permanganate solution is added to this alcohol? Explain.

Draw the structural formula of the simplest alkene whose hydration produces:
(1) a secondary monohydric alcohol.
(2) a tertiary monohydric alcohol.

Dipropyl ether is formed from 2 mol of compound (X) in the presence of hot conc. sulphuric acid:
(1) Write the symbolic equation for the reaction.
(2) Write the symbolic equation for converting 1 mol of compound (X) into the corresponding alkene.

The following scheme shows some chemical reactions:
(1) Draw the structural formula of: (a) compound (1). (b) isomer (3).
(2) What is the IUPAC name of: (a) compound (2). (b) compound (4).

Draw the branched unsaturated isomers of the molecular formula C₅H₁₀, stating which of them gives a tertiary alcohol on hydration.

From the following scheme:
(1) Write the chemical formula of: (a) compound (2). (b) compound (4).
(2) Write the chemical formula of the product of: (a) the reaction of compound (1) with compound (3) in the presence of a dehydrating agent. (b) the catalytic hydration of compound (5).

Compounds (A) and (B) are produced by the alkaline hydrolysis of the following two compounds, respectively.
• CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂Cl
• (CH₃)₃CCl
(1) Draw the structural formula of: (a) compound (A). (b) compound (B).
(2) How can you distinguish between compounds (A) and (B)?

Which of the following shows the correct order of the chemical processes needed to obtain, from cane sugar, an organic compound used as an antifreeze for water? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Hydrolysis – alcoholic fermentation – dehydration / 140°C – addition of hydrogen peroxide.
2. B Alcoholic fermentation – hydrolysis – dehydration / 180°C – Baeyer's reaction.
3. C Hydrolysis – alcoholic fermentation – dehydration / 180°C – addition of hydrogen peroxide.
4. D Hydrolysis – alcoholic fermentation – dehydration / 80°C – addition of hydrogen peroxide.

The general formula C₄H₁₀O represents three alcohol isomers (A), (B) and (C): (Sample exam 2026)
(A): contains two methyl groups.
(B): contains three methyl groups.
(C): contains one methyl group.
Which of the following gives the correct IUPAC name of the product of adding acidified potassium permanganate to each of (A), (B) and (C)?

1. A (A): 2-butanone , (B): 2-methylpropanoic , (C): no reaction
2. B (A): 2-methylpropanoic , (B): no reaction , (C): 2-butanone
3. C (A): no reaction , (B): 2-methylpropanoic , (C): 2-butanone
4. D (A): 2-methylpropanoic , (B): no reaction , (C): butanoic acid

Which of the following alcohols is oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate, and does not give 2-methyl-1-butene when dehydrated by conc. sulphuric acid at 180°C? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol.
2. B 2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol.
3. C 2-Methyl-2-propanol.
4. D 2-Methyl-1-butanol.

Which of the following shows the correct order of the processes needed to obtain (a saturated hydrocarbon) from an alcohol that is not oxidized by ordinary oxidizing agents? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Dehydration of ethanol at 180°C then hydrogenation.
2. B Dehydration of 1-propanol with sulphuric acid at 180°C
3. C Dehydration of 2-methyl-2-propanol then hydrogenation.
4. D Dehydration of 2-propanol with sulphuric acid at 180°C

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following is correct for compounds (W , Z , Y , X)?

1. A Compound (X) reacts by addition in one step.
2. B Compound (Y) is propanal.
3. C Compound (Z) is a primary alcohol.
4. D Compound (W) reacts with sodium metal.

An alcohol cannot be prepared by catalytic hydration. All of the following apply to this alcohol, except .......... (Sample exam 2026)

1. A it can be prepared by the general method of preparing alcohols.
2. B it has structural isomers.
3. C it has harmful effects on human health.
4. D it is used in preparing esters.

Which of the following is the product of the alkaline hydrolysis of 1-bromo-2-methylpropane? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Secondary propyl alcohol.
2. B Isobutyl alcohol.
3. C 2-Methyl-2-propanol.
4. D Tertiary butyl alcohol.

Two organic compounds (X , Y): (Sample exam 2026)
(X): 1-bromo-1-propanol.
(Y): 2-bromo-2-propanol.
The processes (alkaline hydrolysis then reduction) were carried out on each of compounds (X) and (Y) separately.
Which of the following represents the product of these processes for each of compounds (X) and (Y)?

1. A (X): propanal , (Y): propanone
2. B (X): propanal , (Y): 2-propanol
3. C (X): 1-propanol , (Y): 2-propanol
4. D (X): 1-propanol , (Y): propanone

Which of the following describes the properties of each type of the following alcohols? (Sample exam 2026)

1. A Primary and secondary alcohols react with sodium metal, while tertiary alcohols do not.
2. B Only primary alcohols are oxidized, forming a mixture of aldehyde and ketone at the end of the reaction.
3. C Primary alcohols have a continuous carbon chain, while secondary and tertiary alcohols have branched carbon chains.
4. D Primary and secondary alcohols react with acidified potassium permanganate, while tertiary alcohols do not.

(X , Y) are two isomers of the formula C₄H₈O with different functional groups. (X) turns acidified potassium dichromate solution (acidified with sulphuric acid) green, while (Y) does not decolourize acidified potassium permanganate. (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following represents (X) or (Y)?

1. A (X): 2-methyl-1-propanol.
2. B (Y): 2-methylpropanal.
3. C (X): 2-methylpropanal.
4. D (Y): 3-methyl-2-butanone.

(X , Y , Z) are three hydrocarbon derivatives with the following molecular formulas: (Sample exam 2026)
(X): CH₂O , (Y): C₂H₆O , (Z): C₂H₆O₂
Which of the following represents (X , Y , Z)?

1. A (X): ketone , (Y): aliphatic ether , (Z): dihydric primary alcohol
2. B (X): aldehyde , (Y): monohydric primary alcohol , (Z): dihydric primary alcohol
3. C (X): carboxylic acid , (Y): monohydric secondary alcohol , (Z): aliphatic ester
4. D (X): aldehyde , (Y): aliphatic ether , (Z): carboxylic acid

(X , Y , Z) are three organic compounds with the molecular formula C₃H₈O: (Sample exam 2026)
(X): decolourizes acidified potassium permanganate solution, forming a compound that reacts with sodium carbonate.
(Y): decolourizes acidified potassium permanganate solution, forming a compound that does not respond to the acidity test.
(Z): does not decolourize acidified potassium permanganate solution.
Which of the following gives the number of methyl groups in each of (X , Y , Z)?

1. A (X): 1 , (Y): 0 , (Z): 2
2. B (X): 2 , (Y): 1 , (Z): 2
3. C (X): 2 , (Y): 2 , (Z): 1
4. D (X): 1 , (Y): 2 , (Z): 2

By the alkaline hydrolysis of compound (X), we obtain the simplest alcohol containing an ethyl branch. (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following represents compound (X)?

1. A 3-Chloro-2-ethylpentane.
2. B 1-Chloro-2-ethylbutane.
3. C 2-Chloro-2-ethylpropane.
4. D 2-Chloro-2-ethylpentane.

(X , Y) are two isomers of hydrocarbon derivatives with the general formula (CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O), each with a different functional group; (X) has a higher boiling point than (Y). (Sample exam 2026)
By which of the following processes can isomer (Y) be obtained from isomer (X)?

1. A Catalytic hydration.
2. B Complete oxidation.
3. C Heating with conc. sulphuric acid at 180°C
4. D Heating with conc. sulphuric acid at 140°C

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
A → (alkaline hydrolysis / Δ) → B → (oxidation) → C
Which of the following does not represent compounds (A , B , C)?

1. A (A): 1-chloropropane, (B): isopropyl alcohol, (C): propanoic.
2. B (A): ethyl chloride, (B): ethyl alcohol, (C): acetic acid.
3. C (A): 2-chloropropane, (B): isopropyl alcohol, (C): acetone.
4. D (A): 1-chloropropane, (B): primary propyl alcohol, (C): propanoic.

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
CₙH₂ₙ → process (1) → CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O
CₙH₂ₙ → process (2) → CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O₂
Which of the following represents processes (1) and (2) and the product of each?

1. A (1): oxidation producing a monohydric alcohol.
2. B (2): oxidation producing a dihydric alcohol.
3. C (1): catalytic hydration producing a dihydric alcohol.
4. D (2): catalytic hydration producing a monohydric alcohol.

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
C₃H₅Cl (X) → hydrogenation → Y → basic hydrolysis → Z
Which of the following gives the number of isomers of each of (X), (Y) and (Z)?

1. A (X): 3 , (Y): 3 , (Z): 3
2. B (X): 4 , (Y): 2 , (Z): 2
3. C (X): 3 , (Y): 2 , (Z): 2
4. D (X): 4 , (Y): 3 , (Z): 2

(X): a primary alcohol that has only one other alcohol isomer. (Sample exam 2026)
(Y): a hydrocarbon produced by the dehydration of compound (X).
(Z): an isomer of compound (Y).
Which of the following describes the properties of compound (Z)?

1. A More stable than normal propane.
2. B Burns faster than cyclobutane.
3. C Burns more slowly than normal hexane.
4. D Less active than cyclopentane.

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
When excess KOH solution is added with heating to each of (X) and (Y).
Which of the following represents the compound produced in the two cases?

1. A In case (X): a secondary alcohol used in thermometers is produced.
2. B In case (Y): a secondary alcohol used as a mouth and teeth antiseptic is produced.
3. C In case (X): a primary alcohol that is the monomer of PEG is produced
4. D In case (Y): a primary alcohol used in pen inks is produced.

The following reaction was carried out under suitable conditions: (Sample exam 2026)
Which of the following is correct?

1. A Both C₃H₈O and (Y) contain a secondary carbinol group.
2. B Both C₃H₈O and (Y) contain a primary carbinol group.
3. C The carbinol group in C₃H₈O is primary, while in (Y) it is secondary.
4. D The carbinol group in C₃H₈O is secondary, while in (Y) it is tertiary.

Which of the following is the number of isomers of the formula C₄H₈O that can be oxidized? (1st session 2025)

1. A 4
2. B 3
3. C 2
4. D 1

From the following scheme: (1st session 2025)
(A) → basic hydrolysis → (B) → complete oxidation → (C)
The general formula of compound (C) is CₙH₂ₙO
Which of the following represents compounds A, B and C?

1. A (A): chloroethane , (B): ethanol , (C): acetaldehyde.
2. B (A): 1-bromobutane , (B): butanol , (C): butanoic acid.
3. C (A): isopropyl chloride , (B): 2-propanol , (C): propanal.
4. D (A): 2-chloropropane , (B): 2-propanol , (C): propanone.

Which of the following is the final product of the following processes: (1st session 2025)
dehydration of 3-methyl-1-butanol in the presence of a catalyst, then catalytic hydration of the product?

1. A A ketone.
2. B A secondary alcohol.
3. C A primary alcohol.
4. D A tertiary alcohol.

The following table gives the general formulas of four organic compounds (A , B , C , D): (1st session 2025)
(A): CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O₂ , (B): CₙH₂ₙO , (C): CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O₃ , (D): CₙHₙO
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A Formula (A) is of a compound used as a fuel for cars.
2. B Formula (C) is of a compound used in the textile industry.
3. C Formula (B) is of a compound used in cosmetics.
4. D Formula (D) is of a compound used in preserving food.

Which of the following choices represents the processes needed to obtain, from 3-bromopropene, a substance added to textiles to make them soft and flexible? (2nd session 2024)

1. A Hydrogenation then basic hydrolysis.
2. B Addition of HBr then basic hydrolysis.
3. C Oxidation by H₂O₂ then basic hydrolysis.
4. D Halogenation then hydrogenation.

The molecular formulas of three hydrocarbon derivatives (X), (Y) and (Z) are: (2nd session 2024)
(X): C₃H₈O₃ , (Y): C₂H₆O₂ , (Z): C₃H₈O
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A Compound (X) is a trihydric alcohol and its boiling point is lower than (Y) and (Z).
2. B When compound (Z) is oxidized it gives a ketone, and the boiling point of compound (Y) is lower than (X).
3. C Compound (Y) has a lower boiling point than compound (Z) and higher than compound (X).
4. D Compound (X) reacts with fatty acids and forms soap.

On the alkaline hydrolysis of the compound C₃H₇Br that has no methylene group, the product is .......... (Trial exam / June 2021)

1. A a secondary alcohol only.
2. B a primary alcohol only.
3. C a primary or secondary alcohol.
4. D a primary or tertiary alcohol.

Four organic compounds have the following formulas: (1st session 2024)
Which of the following choices gives the incorrect name according to the IUPAC system?

1. A Compound (4): 1,2-dihydroxypropane.
2. B Compound (2): 1-propanol.
3. C Compound (3): 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane.
4. D Compound (1): isopropanol.

On the basic hydrolysis of C₃H₇Br with heating, it can give .......... (1st session 2021)

1. A a primary alcohol only.
2. B a secondary alcohol only.
3. C a primary alcohol or a tertiary alcohol.
4. D a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol.

The following table gives the molecular formulas of three organic compounds: (1st session 2024)
(X): C₂H₆O₂ , (Y): C₃H₈O₃ , (Z): C₂H₆O
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (Y): an alcohol used to sterilize the mouth and teeth.
2. B (X): an alcohol used in car radiators in cold areas.
3. C (Z): an acid used in making artificial silk.
4. D (Y): an acid used in preserving food.

Three alcohols (X), (Y) and (Z) have the following formulas: (1st session 2024)
(X): C₂H₅COH(CH₃)₂ , (Y): C₂H₅CHOHCH₃ , (Z): (CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH
Which of the following choices is correct?

1. A (X) is oxidized giving a carboxylic acid, and its boiling point is lower than (Z).
2. B (Y) dissolves in water and is oxidized to a carboxylic acid.
3. C (X) has a higher boiling point than (Y) and is not oxidized under ordinary conditions.
4. D (Z) dissolves in water and is oxidized to a ketone.

On the alkaline hydrolysis of a primary alkyl halide, compound (A) is formed, and of a secondary alkyl halide, compound (B) is formed; compounds (A) and (B) are .......... (2nd session 2021)

1. A (A): 2-butanol , (B): isobutyl alcohol.
2. B (A): 1-butanol , (B): 2-methyl-2-propanol.
3. C (A): 2-methyl-2-propanol , (B): 1-butanol.
4. D (A): 2-methyl-1-propanol , (B): 2-butanol.

The following reactions take place under suitable conditions to obtain compounds (B), (C) and (D) as follows: (2nd session 2022)
Compounds (A), (C) and (D) are ..........

1. A (A): sodium butanoate , (C): 1-chloropropane , (D): primary alcohol.
2. B (A): sodium butanoate , (C): 1-chloropropane , (D): secondary alcohol.
3. C (A): sodium propanoate , (C): 1-chloropropane , (D): primary alcohol.
4. D (A): sodium propanoate , (C): 2-chloropropane , (D): secondary alcohol.

Using the opposite scheme: (2nd session 2022)
Which of the following is correct?

1. A (A): bromoethane , (B): ethanol.
2. B (A): 1,1-dibromoethane , (B): ethylene glycol.
3. C (A): 1,2-dibromoethane , (B): ethylene glycol.
4. D (A): bromoethane , (B): ethanal.

Which of the products of the following reactions does not decolourize alkaline potassium permanganate solution? (Trial exam / March 2023)

1. A The product of adding 1 mol of H₂ to 1 mol of propyne.
2. B The product of adding 1 mol of HBr to 1 mol of 2-methyl-2-butene.
3. C The product of the dehydration of 1-butanol.
4. D The product of the dehydration of 2-methyl-2-propanol.

You have two compounds (A) and (B): compound (A) is an open-chain alkane of molecular mass 58, and compound (B) is a saturated monohydric alcohol of molecular mass 60; compounds (A) and (B) are .......... (1st session 2021)
[C = 12 , O = 16 , H = 1]

1. A (A) a gas , (B) lower in boiling point than (A).
2. B (A) a liquid , (B) higher in boiling point than (A).
3. C (A) a gas , (B) higher in boiling point than (A).
4. D (A) a liquid , (B) lower in boiling point than (A).

Using the opposite scheme: (Trial exam / June 2021)
Where one mole of compound (B) contains 12 moles of atoms, compounds (A), (B) and (C) are ..........

1. A (A): 2-bromopropane , (B): isopropyl alcohol , (C): acetone.
2. B (A): 2-bromopropane , (B): propyl alcohol , (C): propanoic acid.
3. C (A): ethyl chloride , (B): ethyl alcohol , (C): acetic acid.
4. D (A): ethyl chloride , (B): ethyl alcohol , (C): acetaldehyde.

Using the opposite scheme: (1st session 2021)
Where one mole of compound (C) contains 5 moles of atoms, compounds (A), (B) and (C) are ..........

1. A (A): methyl chloride , (B): methanol , (C): formic acid.
2. B (A): ethyl chloride , (B): ethanol , (C): acetic acid.
3. C (A): methyl chloride , (B): methanol , (C): formaldehyde.
4. D (A): ethyl chloride , (B): ethanol , (C): acetaldehyde.

Two compounds (A) and (B) are hydrocarbon derivatives; compound (A) is formed by the reduction of compound (B) (2nd session 2021)
So (A) and (B) are ..........

1. A (A): CH₃COCH₃ , (B): (CH₃)₂CHOH
2. B (A): CH₃COOH , (B): CH₃CHO
3. C (A): (CH₃)₂CHOH , (B): CH₃COCH₃
4. D (A): CH₃COOH , (B): CH₃CH₂CHO

An alcohol can be obtained from ethyne under suitable conditions by .......... (2nd session 2022)

1. A hydration then oxidation.
2. B polymerization then nitration.
3. C polymerization then alkylation.
4. D hydration then reduction.

The correct IUPAC name of the compound with the molecular formula C₄H₁₀O is .......... (2nd session 2023)

1. A 2-methyl-2-propanol.
2. B butanone.
3. C butanal.
4. D 2-methylpropanal.

Three organic compounds that are hydrocarbon derivatives: (1st session 2023)
Compound (A): cannot be oxidized.
Compound (B): does not form hydrogen bonds between its molecules.
Compound (C): does not react by addition.
So compounds (A), (B) and (C) are ..........

1. A (A): C(CH₃)₃OH , (B): CH₃–O–CH₃ , (C): C₃H₅(OH)₃
2. B (A): C₃H₇COOH , (B): C₂H₅OH , (C): C₆H₅OH
3. C (A): C₂H₅COCH₃ , (B): CH₃COOCH₃ , (C): C₆H₅OH
4. D (A): CH₃CHOHCH₃ , (B): CH₃–O–CH₃ , (C): C₃H₅(OH)₃

Which of the following steps are correct to obtain, from 3-chloropropene, a compound used to dilate the arteries? (1st session 2024)

1. A Basic hydrolysis then addition of HCl then nitration.
2. B Halogenation by substitution then basic hydrolysis then nitration.
3. C Halogenation by addition then basic hydrolysis then nitration.
4. D Addition of HCl then basic hydrolysis then nitration.

The formula C₃H₈O₂ represents several organic compounds. (1st session 2024)
Which of the following choices represents these compounds?

1. A Isopropyl alcohol – ethyl methyl ether – propanol.
2. B 1,2-Dihydroxypropane and 1,3-dihydroxypropane.
3. C Methyl ethanoate – ethyl methanoate – propanoic acid.
4. D Propanoic acid – propanone – propanal.

(A), (B) and (C) are three organic compounds. When acidified potassium dichromate solution was added to each of them separately, it was found that (A) and (C) change the colour of acidified potassium dichromate, while (B) does not. Which of the following choices is correct? (Trial exam / March 2023)

1. A (A): C₂H₅COCH₃ , (C): C₄H₉OH
2. B (B): C₃H₇CHO , (A): C₂H₅COCH₃
3. C (A): C₃H₇COOH , (C): C₃H₇OH
4. D (A): C₃H₇CHO , (B): C(CH₃)₃OH

(A), (B) and (C) are three hydrocarbons characterized by the following: (Trial exam / March 2023)
(A): an organic solvent. (B): a gas used in the Midrex furnace is prepared from it. (C): prepared by the dehydration of tertiary alcohols.
So compounds (A), (B) and (C) are ..........

1. A (A): alcohol , (B): ethane , (C): diethyl ether.
2. B (A): benzene , (B): methane , (C): branched alkene.
3. C (A): branched alkene , (B): ethane , (C): unbranched alkene.
4. D (A): benzene , (B): methane , (C): branched alkane.

From the following scheme: (2nd session 2023)
Compounds (B) and (C) are ..........

1. A (B): an acid , (C): an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
2. B (B): an aldehyde , (C): a saturated hydrocarbon.
3. C (B): an alcohol , (C): an ether.
4. D (B): a ketone , (C): an ether.

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
Given that (C , B) are isomers:
(1) Write the chemical formulas of (X , C).
(2) State the name of process number (1).
(3) Write the IUPAC name of the compound that gives an organic sodium salt in one process.
(4) Write the structural formula of an alcohol isomer of compound (X) that is not oxidized by ordinary oxidizing agents.

From the following scheme: (Sample exam 2026)
(1) Write the IUPAC name of each of (X , Z).
(2) Write the structural formulas of the saturated isomers of compound (X).

From the following scheme: (2nd session 2024)
Given that (X), (Y) and (Z) are organic compounds, deduce each of the following:
(1) The IUPAC name of the compound produced by adding HBr to compound (Z).
(2) The structural formula of the compound produced by the catalytic hydration of compound (Z).
(3) The name of process (W), given that compound (Y) effervesces with sodium carbonate.
(4) The molecular formula of compound (Y).

Study the opposite scheme, then state the names of compounds (A), (B) and (C) according to the IUPAC system and the name of process (1). (1st session 2025)

From the following scheme: (1st session 2024)
Deduce each of:
(1) The IUPAC name of hydrocarbons (X) and (Y).
(2) The names of processes (1) and (2).